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--> |} Cappadocia (; also ''Capadocia''; (トルコ語:Kapadokya), (ギリシア語:Καππαδοκία) ''Kappadokía'', (アルメニア語:Գամիրք) (Gamirq), from , from ) is a historical region in Central Anatolia, largely in the Nevşehir, Kayseri, Aksaray, and Niğde Provinces in Turkey. In Ancient Greek Καππαδοξ (genitive -οκος) means "a Cappadocian". In the time of Herodotus, the Cappadocians were reported as occupying the whole region from Mount Taurus to the vicinity of the Euxine (Black Sea). Cappadocia, in this sense, was bounded in the south by the chain of the Taurus Mountains that separate it from Cilicia, to the east by the upper Euphrates and the Armenian Highland, to the north by Pontus, and to the west by Lycaonia and eastern Galatia.〔 Van Dam, R. ''Kingdom of Snow: Roman rule and Greek culture in Cappadocia.'' Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2002, p.13. () 〕 The name, traditionally used in Christian sources throughout history, continues in use as an international tourism concept to define a region of exceptional natural wonders, in particular characterized by fairy chimneys and a unique historical and cultural heritage. ==Etymology== The earliest record of the name of Cappadocia dates from the late 6th century BC, when it appears in the trilingual inscriptions of two early Achaemenid kings, Darius I and Xerxes, as one of the countries (Old Persian ''dahyu-'') of the Persian Empire. In these lists of countries, the old Turkic name is Kapi dag, which means mountain door.〔See R. Schmitt, "Kappadoker", in ''Reallexikon der Assyriologie und Vorderasiatischen Archäologie'', vol. 5 (Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 1980), p. 399, and L. Summerer, "Amisos - eine Griechische Polis im Land der Leukosyrer", in: M. Faudot et al. (eds.), ''Pont-Euxin et polis. Actes du Xe Symposium de Vani'' (2005), 129-166, esp. 135. According to an older theory (W. Ruge, "Kappadokia", in A.F. Pauly - G. Wissowa, ''Realencyclopädie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft'', vol. 10 (Stuttgart: Alfred Druckenmüller, 1919), col. 1911), the name derives from old Turkic cappadocia means mountain door but according to some iranians believes that it derives from Old Persian and means either "land of the ''Ducha''/''Tucha''" or "land of the beautiful horses". It has also been proposed that ''Katpatuka'' is a Persianized form of the Hittite name for Cilicia, ''Kizzuwatna'', or that it is otherwise of Hittite or Luwian origin (by Tischler and Del Monte, mentioned in Schmitt (1980)). According to A. Room, ''Placenames of the World'' (London: MacFarland and Company, 1997), the name is a combination of Assyrian ''katpa'' "side" (cf. Heb ''katef'') and a chief or ancestor's name, ''Tuka''.〕 "Cappadocia" could also come from the Luwian language, meaning "Low Country".〔 Coindoz M. Archeologia / Préhistoire et archéologie, n°241, 1988, pp.48-59 〕 Herodotus tells us that the name of the Cappadocians was applied to them by the Persians, while they were termed by the Greeks as "Syrians" or "White Syrians" Leucosyri. One of the Cappadocian tribes he mentions is the Moschoi, associated by Flavius Josephus with the biblical figure Meshech, son of Japheth: "and the Mosocheni were founded by Mosoch; now they are Cappadocians". AotJ I:6. Cappadocia appears in the biblical account given in the book of . The Cappadocians were named as one group hearing the Gospel account from Galileans in their own language on the day of Pentecost shortly after the resurrection of Jesus Christ. seems to suggest that the Cappadocians in this account were "God-fearing Jews". See Acts of the Apostles. The region is also mentioned in the Jewish Mishnah, in Ketubot 13:11. Under the later kings of the Persian Empire, the Cappadocians were divided into two satrapies, or governments, with one comprising the central and inland portion, to which the name of Cappadocia continued to be applied by Greek geographers, while the other was called Pontus. This division had already come about before the time of Xenophon. As after the fall of the Persian government the two provinces continued to be separate, the distinction was perpetuated, and the name Cappadocia came to be restricted to the inland province (sometimes called Great Cappadocia), which alone will be the focus of this article. The kingdom of Cappadocia still existed in the time of Strabo (ca 64 BC - ca 24 AD) as a nominally independent state. Cilicia was the name given to the district in which Caesarea, the capital of the whole country, was situated. The only two cities of Cappadocia considered by Strabo to deserve that appellation were Caesarea (originally known as Mazaca) and Tyana, not far from the foot of the Taurus. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Cappadocia」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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