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Carabiniers-à-Cheval
The Carabiniers-à-Cheval (Horse Carabiniers) were mounted troops in the service of France.
Their origins date back to the mid-16th century, when they were created as elite elements of the French light cavalry, armed with carbines but then gradually evolved towards semi-independent status during the 18th century. They only became independent units as late as 1788, when a two-regiment heavy cavalry corps was created. From the French Revolutionary Wars onwards, they were the senior heavy cavalry regiments in the French army, rose to prominence during the Napoleonic Wars and were disbanded in 1871, after the fall of the Second French Empire.
==Ancien Régime==
The French carabiniers are first mentioned at the battle of Neerwinden in 1693 commanded by Prince de Conti.〔Jasinski, René, A travers le XVIIe siècle, A.G. Nizet, Paris, 1981, p.280.〕 Although their original role was that of a mounted police similar to the Gendarmes, as combat troops they were first took the form of separate companies within each cavalry regiments on 29 October 1691 under Louis XIV. Only later was an independent regiment or ''cavalerie de reserve'' established in 1693 under the command of Duc du Maine.〔d'Alméras, Henri, La femme amoureuse dans la vie et dans la littérature, A. Michel, Paris, 1920, p.44.〕 However at that time all French cavalry other than the gendarmes were called light cavalry,〔Detaille, Edouard, Richard, Jules, (ed.), Carlson Reinertsen, Maureen, (trans.) L'Armée Française: An illustrated history of the French Army, 1790-1885, Wextel & Hasenauer, New York, 1992, p.85.〕 and their first name was ''Corps royal des carabiniers'', organised by brigading〔in this case the word brigade refers to a unit of regimental size〕 of four squadrons commanded by a lieutenant-colonel.〔Le Bas, M.Ph., L'Univers: histoire et description de tous les peuples, Dictionnaire Encyclopedique de la France, Vol.3, Firmin Didot Freres, Paris, 1841, p.137; Knotel, Richard, Knotel, Herbert, & Sieg Herbert, Uniforms of the World: A compendium of Army, Navy and Air Force uniforms 1700-1937, Charles Scribner's Sons, New York, 1980, p.92 says they were first known as ''Regiment Royal de Carabiniers''〕
The Corps was enlarged to ten squadrons by the start of the Seven Years' War. Their depot was in Strasbourg, where it remained for a century. On 13 May 1758 the Corps was renamed ''Royal carabiniers de monsieur le Comte de Provence''.〔Le Bas, M.Ph., L'Univers: histoire et description de tous les peuples, Dictionnaire Encyclopedique de la France, Vol.3, Firmin Didot Freres, Paris, 1841, p.137.〕 By 1762 the Corps was enlarged to five brigades of thirty squadrons, but was reduced to two regiments in 1788.〔Knotel, Richard, Knotel, Herbert, & Sieg Herbert, Uniforms of the World: A compendium of Army, Navy and Air Force uniforms 1700-1937, Charles Scribner's Sons, New York, 1980, p.92.〕
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