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Caracalla
"Caracalla" () was the popular nickname of Antoninus ((ラテン語:Marcus Aurelius Severus Antoninus Augustus),〔In Classical Latin, Caracalla's name would be inscribed as .〕 4 April 188 – 8 April 217), who was Roman emperor from 198 to 217. The eldest son of Septimius Severus, Caracalla reigned jointly with his father from 198 until Severus' death in 211. For a short time Caracalla then ruled jointly with his younger brother Geta until Caracalla had Geta murdered later in 211. Caracalla is remembered as one of the most notorious and unpleasant of emperors because of the massacres and persecutions he authorized and instigated throughout the Empire.〔Hurley, P. (2011). (Life of Caracalla ) at Ancient History Encyclopedia〕〔"Caracalla" ''A Dictionary of British History''. Ed. John Cannon. Oxford University Press, 2001. Oxford Reference Online. Oxford University Press.
"Caracalla" ''World Encyclopedia''. Philip's, 2005. Oxford Reference Online. Oxford University Press.〕
Caracalla's reign was also notable for the ''Constitutio Antoniniana'' (also called the Edict of Caracalla or the Antonine Constitution), granting Roman citizenship to all freemen throughout the Roman Empire, which according to historian Cassius Dio, was done for the purposes of raising tax revenue. Caracalla also commissioned a large public bath-house (thermae) project in Rome, and the remains of the Baths of Caracalla are still one of the major tourist attractions of the Italian capital.
==Early life==
Caracalla, of mixed Punic and Syrian descent, was born Lucius Septimius Bassianus in Lugdunum, Gaul (now Lyon, France), the son of the later Emperor Septimius Severus and Julia Domna. At the age of seven, his name was changed to Marcus Aurelius Septimius Bassianus Antoninus to create a connection to the family of the philosopher emperor Marcus Aurelius. He was later given the nickname ''Caracalla'', which referred to the Gallic hooded tunic he habitually wore and which he made fashionable.
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