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Caranx
''Caranx'' is a genus of tropical to subtropical marine fishes in the jack family Carangidae, commonly known as jacks, trevallies and kingfishes. They are moderate- to large-sized, deep-bodied fishes which are distinguished from other carangid genera by specific gill raker, fin ray and dentition characteristics. The genus is represented in the Pacific, Indian and Atlantic Oceans, inhabiting both inshore and offshore regions, ranging from estuaries and bays to deep reefs and offshore islands. All species are powerful predators, taking a variety of fish, crustaceans and cephalopods, while they in turn are prey to larger pelagic fishes and sharks. A number of fish in the genus have a reputation as powerful gamefish and are highly sought by anglers. They often make up high amounts of the catch in various fisheries, but are generally considered poor to fair table fishes.
==Taxonomy and naming==
The genus ''Caranx'' is one of 30 currently recognised genera of fish in the jack and horse mackerel family Carangidae, which are perciform fishes in the suborder Percoidei. The species has long been placed in the subfamily Caranginae (or tribe Carangini), with modern molecular and genetic studies indicating this subdivision is acceptable, and ''Caranx'' is well defined as a genus. Phylogenetically, the monotypic genus of ''Gnathanodon'' is most closely related to ''Caranx''; and indeed its sole member was once classified under ''Caranx''.
''Caranx'' was created by the French naturalist Bernard Germain de Lacépède in 1801 to accommodate a new species he had described, ''Caranx carangua'' (the crevalle jack), which was later found to be a junior synonym of ''Scomber hippos'', which in turn was transferred to ''Caranx''. The early days of carangid taxonomy had over 100 'species' designated as members of the genus, most of which were synonyms, and a number of genera were created which were later synonymised with ''Caranx''. ''Caranx'' took authority over these other genera names due to its prior description, rendering the rest as invalid junior synonyms. Today, after extensive reviews of the family, 18 species are considered valid by major taxonomic authorities Fishbase and ITIS, although many other species are unable to be properly validated due to poor descriptions. The fish in the genus are commonly referred to as jacks, trevallies or kingfishes. Like the genus ''Carangoides'', the word ''Caranx'' is derived from the French ''carangue'', used for some fishes of the Caribbean.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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