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Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a class of diseases that involve the heart or blood vessels. Cardiovascular disease includes coronary artery diseases (CAD) such as angina and myocardial infarction (commonly known as a heart attack).〔 Other CVDs are stroke, hypertensive heart disease, rheumatic heart disease, cardiomyopathy, atrial fibrillation, congenital heart disease, endocarditis, aortic aneurysms, peripheral artery disease and venous thrombosis.〔〔 The underlying mechanisms vary depending on the disease in question. Coronary artery disease, stroke, and peripheral artery disease involve atherosclerosis. This may be caused by high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, lack of exercise, obesity, high blood cholesterol, poor diet, and excessive alcohol consumption, among others. High blood pressure results in 13% of CVD deaths, while tobacco results in 9%, diabetes 6%, lack of exercise 6% and obesity 5%. Rheumatic heart disease may follow untreated strep throat.〔 It is estimated that 90% of CVD is preventable. Prevention of atherosclerosis is by decreasing risk factors through: healthy eating, exercise, avoidance of tobacco smoke and limiting alcohol intake.〔 Treating high blood pressure and diabetes is also beneficial.〔 Treating people who have strep throat with antibiotics can decrease the risk of rheumatic heart disease. The effect of the use of aspirin in people who are otherwise healthy is of unclear benefit. The United States Preventive Services Task Force recommends against its use for prevention in women less than 55 and men less than 45 years old; however, in those who are older it is recommends in some individuals. Treatment of those who have CVD improves outcomes.〔 Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death globally.〔 This is true in all areas of the world except Africa.〔 Together they resulted in 17.3 million deaths (31.5%) in 2013 up from 12.3 million (25.8%) in 1990. Deaths, at a given age, from CVD are more common and have been increasing in much of the developing world, while rates have declined in most of the developed world since the 1970s. Coronary artery disease and stroke account for 80% of CVD deaths in males and 75% of CVD deaths in females.〔 Most cardiovascular disease affects older adults. In the United States 11% of people between 20 and 40 have CVD, while 37% between 40 and 60, 71% of people between 60 and 80, and 85% of people over 80 have CVD. The average age of death from coronary artery disease in the developed world is around 80 while it is around 68 in the developing world.〔 Disease onset is typically seven to ten years earlier in men as compared to women. ==Types== There are many cardiovascular diseases involving the blood vessels. They are known as vascular diseases: *Coronary artery disease (also known as coronary heart disease and ischemic heart disease) *Peripheral arterial disease – disease of blood vessels that supply blood to the arms and legs *Cerebrovascular disease – disease of blood vessels that supply blood to the brain (includes stroke) *Renal artery stenosis *Aortic aneurysm There are also many cadiovascular diseases that involve the heart. *Cardiomyopathy – diseases of cardiac muscle *Hypertensive heart disease – diseases of the heart secondary to high blood pressure or hypertension * Heart failure * Pulmonary heart disease – a failure at the right side of the heart with respiratory system involvement * Cardiac dysrhythmias – abnormalities of heart rhythm *Inflammatory heart disease * * Endocarditis – inflammation of the inner layer of the heart, the endocardium. The structures most commonly involved are the heart valves. * * Inflammatory cardiomegaly * * Myocarditis – inflammation of the myocardium, the muscular part of the heart. *Valvular heart disease *Congenital heart disease – heart structure malformations existing at birth *Rheumatic heart disease – heart muscles and valves damage due to rheumatic fever caused by ''Streptococcus pyogenes'' a group A streptococcal infection. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Cardiovascular disease」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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