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Carmine
Carmine ( or ), also called crimson lake, cochineal, natural red 4, C.I. 75470,〔 or E120, is a pigment of a bright-red color obtained from the aluminium salt of carminic acid; it is also a general term for a particularly deep-red color of the same name. The pigment is produced from some scale insects such as the cochineal scale and certain ''Porphyrophora'' species (Armenian cochineal and Polish cochineal). Carmine is used in the manufacture of artificial flowers, paints, crimson ink, rouge, and other cosmetics, and is routinely added to food products such as yogurt, candy and certain brands of juice, the most notable ones being those of the ruby-red variety.
== Etymology ==
The English word "carmine" is derived from the French word ''carmin'' (12 c.), from Medieval Latin ''carminium'', from Arabic ''qirmiz'' ("crimson"), which itself derives from Middle Persian ''carmir'' ("red, crimson").〔Mackenzie, D. (1971). A Concise Pahlavi Dictionary (p. 50). Oxford University Press.〕 The Persian term ''carmir'' might come from Sanskrit ''krimiga'' ("insect-produced"), from ''krmi'' ("worm, insect") (''kirm'' also means "worm" in Persian〔Mackenzie, D. (1971) A Concise Pahlavi Dictionary (p. 51). Oxford University Press.〕) The term may also be influenced in Latin by ''minium'' ("red lead, cinnabar"), said to be of Iberian origin.
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