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Carpathian Ruthenia, also known as Transcarpathian Ruthenia, Transcarpathian Ukraine, Transcarpathia, Rusinko, Subcarpathian Rus′, Hungarian Ruthenia〔(Subcarpathian Ruthenia ) at Encyclopedia of Ukraine〕 or Subcarpathia, is a historical region in Central Europe. == Name == The nomenclature of the region depends on nationality, language/dialect, geographical perspective and political point of view. The name Carpathian Ruthenia is sometimes used for a contiguous cross-border area of Ukraine, Slovakia and Poland occupied by members of the Rusyn minority. Most Rusyns, however, use the term ''Zakarpattia'' (Trans-Carpathia; literally "beyond the Carpathian mountains"). This is contrasted implicitly with ''Prykarpattia'' (Ciscarpathia; " Near-Carpathia), an unofficial region in Ukraine, to the immediate north-east of the central area of the Carpathian Range, and potentially including its foothills, the Subcarpathian basin and part of the surrounding plains. Among self-identifying ethnic Ukrainians, Carpathian Ruthenia is usually known simply as Transcarpathia. From a Hungarian, Slovak and Czech perspective the region is usually described as Subcarpathia (literally "below the Carpathians"), although technically this name refers only to a long, narrow basin that flanks the northern side of the mountains. During the period in which the region was administered by the Hungarian states it was officially referred to in Hungarian as Subcarpathia ((ハンガリー語:Kárpátalja)) or North-Eastern Upper Hungary. The Romanian name of the region is Maramureş. Romania includes the southern Maramureş region, on the south bank of the Tisa river. The name of the mountains themselves is "Carpații Păduroși" which means "Wooden Carpathians". The main city of the Romanian Maramureş region is Sighetu Marmației. During the period of Czechoslovak administration in the first half of the 20th century, the region was referred to for a while as ''Rusinsko'' (Ruthenia) or ''Karpatske Rusinsko'', and later as Subcarpathian Rus (Czech and Slovak: ''Podkarpatská Rus'') or Subcarpathian Ukraine (Czech and Slovak: ''Podkarpatská Ukrajina''), and from 1927 as the Subcarpathoruthenian Land.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 url=http://www.rusyn.org/geosubcarpathian.html )〕 (Czech: ''Země podkarpatoruská'', Slovak: ''Krajina podkarpatoruská''). Alternative, unofficial names used in Czechoslovakia before World War II included Subcarpathia (Czech and Slovak: ''Podkarpatsko''), Transcarpathia (Czech and Slovak: Zakarpatsko), Transcarpathian Ukraine (Czech and Slovak: ''Zakarpatská Ukrajina''), Carpathian Rus/Ruthenia (Czech and Slovak: ''Karpatská Rus'') and, occasionally, Hungarian Rus/Ruthenia'' ((チェコ語:Uherská Rus); (スロバキア語:Uhorská Rus)). The region declared its independence as Carpatho-Ukraine on March 15, 1939, but was occupied by Hungary in March 15–18, 1939, and remaining under Hungarian control until the German occupation of Hungary in 1944. In 1945, most of the region was annexed by Soviet Union and subsequently incorporated into the independent state of Ukraine. The region has subsequently been referred to as ''Zakarpattia'' ((ウクライナ語:Закарпаття)) or ''Transcarpathia'', and on occasions as ''Carpathian Rus’'' ((ウクライナ語:Карпатська Русь), translit. "Karpats’ka Rus’"), ''Transcarpathian Rus’'' ((ウクライナ語:Закарпатська Русь), translit. "Zakarpats’ka Rus’"), ''Subcarpathian Rus’'' ((ウクライナ語:Підкарпатська Русь), translit. "Pidkarpats’ka Rus’"). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Carpathian Ruthenia」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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