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Carpentry
Carpentry is a skilled trade in which the primary work performed is the cutting, shaping and installation of building materials during the construction of buildings, ships, timber bridges, concrete formwork, etc. Carpenters traditionally worked with natural wood and did the rougher work such as framing, but today many other materials are also used〔Roza, Greg. ''A career as a carpenter''. New York: Rosen Pub., 2011. 6. Print.〕 and sometimes the finer trades of cabinetmaking and furniture building are considered carpentry. Carpentry in the United States is almost always done by men. With 98.5% of carpenters being male, it was the fourth most male-dominated occupation in the country in 1999,〔(【引用サイトリンク】format=PDF )〕 and there were about 1.5 million positions in 2006.〔Roza, Greg. ''A career as a carpenter''. New York: Rosen Pub., 2011. 7. Print.〕 Carpenters are usually the first tradesmen on a job and the last to leave.〔Vogt, Floyd, and Gaspar J. Lewis. ''Carpentry''. 4th ed. Clifton Park, NY: Thomson Delmar Learning, 2006.xvi Print.〕 Carpenters normally framed post-and-beam buildings until the end of the 19th century; now this old fashioned carpentry is called timber framing. Carpenters learn this trade by being employed through an apprenticeship training—normally 4 years—and qualify by successfully completing that country's department of labour competency test in places such as the UK, USA and South Africa. It is also common that the skill can be learnt by gaining work experience other than a formal training program, which may be the case in many places.
==Etymology==
The word "carpenter" is the English rendering of the Old French word ''carpentier'' (later, ''charpentier'') which is derived from the Latin ''carpentrius ()'', "(maker) of a carriage.〔(The American heritage dictionary of the English language ) - Etymology of the word "carpenter"〕 The Middle English and Scots word (in the sense of "builder") was ''wright'' (from the Old English ''wryhta'', cognate with ''work''), which could be used in compound forms such as ''wheelwright'' or ''boatwright''.〔The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language: Fourth Edition. 2000.〕
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