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|Section2= |Section7= }} Carthamin is a natural red pigment derived from safflower (''Carthamus tinctorius''), earlier known as carthamine.〔De Candolle, Alphonse. (1885.) (''Origin of cultivated plants.'' ) D. Appleton & Co.: New York, p. 164. Retrieved on 2007-09-25.〕 It is used as a dye and a food coloring. As a food additive, it is known as Natural Red 26. Safflower has been cultivated since ancient times, and carthamin was used as a dye in ancient Egypt.〔 It was used extensively in the past for dyeing wool for the carpet industry in European countries and to create cosmetics for geisha and kabuki artists in Japan, where the color is called ''beni'' (紅).〔Morse, Anne Nishimura, et al. ''MFA Highlights: Arts of Japan''. Boston: Museum of Fine Arts Publications, 2008. p161.〕 It competed with the early synthetic dye fuchsine as a silk dye after fuchsine's 1859 discovery.〔Chevreul, M. E. (July 1860). ("Note sur les étoffes de soie teintes avec la fuchsine, et réflexions sur le commerce des étoffes de couleur." ) ''Répertoire de Pharmacie'', tome XVII, p. 62. Retrieved on 2007-09-25.〕 It is composed of two chalconoids; the conjugated bonds being the cause of the red color. It is derived from precarthamin by a decarboxylase. It should not be confused with carthamidin, another flavonoid. The carthamin is biosynthesized from a chalcone (2,4,6,4'-tetrahydroxychalcone) and two glucose molecules to give safflor yellow A and with other glucose molecule, safflor yellow B. The next step is the formation of precarthamin and finally carthamin. : == References == 〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Carthamin」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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