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Townland
A townland ((アイルランド語:baile fearainn)) is a small geographical division of land used in Ireland. The townland system is of Gaelic origin, pre-dating the Norman invasion, and most have names of Irish Gaelic origin.〔 However, some townland names and boundaries come from Norman manors, plantation divisions, or later creations of the Ordnance Survey.〔Connolly, S. J., ''Oxford Companion to Irish History, page 577. Oxford University Press, 2002. ISBN 978-0-19-923483-7''〕〔Maxwell, Ian, ''How to trace your Irish ancestors'', page 16. howtobooks, 2009. ISBN 978-1-84528-375-9〕 The total number of inhabited townlands was 60,679 in 1911. The total number recognised by the Irish Place Names database is 61,098, including uninhabited townlands, mainly small islands, as of 2014.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.logainm.ie/en/ )〕
==Background==
In Ireland, a townland is (generally) the smallest administrative division of land, though a few large townlands are further divided into hundreds.〔 Whilst the concept of townlands is based on the Gaelic system of land division, it was in the 1600s that they became mapped and defined by the English administration for the purpose of confiscating land and portioning it out to English investors or grants to English planters.〔 The first official evidence of the existence of this Gaelic land division system can be found in church records from before the 12th century.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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