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Catarrhini
Catarrhini is one of the two subdivisions of the higher primates (the other being the New World monkeys or platyrrhines). It contains the Old World monkeys and the apes; the latter of which are in turn further divided into the lesser apes or gibbons and the great apes, consisting of the orangutans, gorillas, chimpanzees, and humans. They are all native to Africa and Asia. Members of this parvorder are called catarrhines.
==Description==
The technical distinction between the New World platyrrhines and Old World catarrhines is the shape of their noses. The platyrrhines (from Ancient Greek ''platu-'', "flat", and ''rhin-'', "nose") have nostrils which face sideways. The catarrhines (from Ancient Greek ''kata-'', "down", and ''rhin-'', "nose") have nostrils that face downwards. Catarrhines also never have prehensile tails, and have flat fingernails and toenails, a tubular ectotympanic (ear bone), and eight, not 12, premolars, giving them a dental formula of: .〔
Most catarrhine species show considerable sexual dimorphism and do not form a pair bond. Most, but not all, species live in social groups. Like the platyrrhines, the catarrhines are generally diurnal,〔(【引用サイトリンク】 Catarrhini Infraorder )〕 and have grasping hands and (with the exception of bipedal humans) grasping feet.
The apes – in both traditional and phylogenic nomenclature – are exclusively catarrhine species. In traditional usage, ape describes any tailless, larger, and more typically ground-dwelling species of catarrhine. "Ape" may be found as part of the common name of such species, such as the Barbary ape. In phylogenic usage, the term ape applies only to the superfamily Hominoidea. This grouping comprises the two families Hylobatidae, the lesser apes or gibbons, and Hominidae, the great apes, including orangutans, gorillas, chimpanzees, ''Homo'', and related extinct genera, such as the prehuman australopithecines and the giant orangutan relative ''Gigantopithecus''.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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