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''Catharanthus'' is a genus of flowering plants in the dogbane family, Apocynaceae. Like genus ''Vinca'', they are known commonly as periwinkles.〔(''Catharanthus''. ) Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS).〕 There are eight known species. Seven are endemic to Madagascar,〔(''Catharanthus''. ) Madagascar Catalogue. eFloras.〕 though one, ''C. roseus'', is widely naturalized around the world.〔〔(''Catharanthus roseus''. ) Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN).〕 The eighth species, ''C. pusillus'', is native to India and Sri Lanka.〔(''Catharanthus pusillus''. ) Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN).〕 The name ''Catharanthus'' comes from the Greek for "pure flower".〔(''Catharanthus''. ) The Jepson eFlora 2013.〕 These are perennial herbs with oppositely or almost oppositely arranged leaves. Flowers are usually solitary in the leaf axils. Each has a calyx with five long, narrow lobes and a corolla with a tubular throat and five lobes.〔 ''Catharanthus roseus'', known formerly as ''Vinca rosea'', is a main source of vinca alkaloids, now sometimes called catharanthus alkaloids. The plant produces about 130 of these compounds, including vinblastine and vincristine, two drugs used to treat cancer.〔van Der Heijden, R., et al. (2004). (The catharanthus alkaloids: pharmacognosy and biotechnology. ) ''Current Medicinal Chemistry'' 11(5), 607-28.〕 ''Catharanthus roseus'' is also cultivated as an ornamental plant in gardens. Several cultivars have been bred to produce flowers in many shades of pink, red, lilac, and white, or in light shades with dark throats.〔(''Catharanthus roseus''. ) Missouri Botanical Garden.〕 ;Species〔 # ''Catharanthus coriaceus'' Markgr. - Madagascar # ''Catharanthus lanceus'' (Bojer ex A.DC.) Pichon - Madagascar # ''Catharanthus longifolius'' (Pichon) Pichon - Madagascar # ''Catharanthus ovalis'' Markgr. - Madagascar # ''Catharanthus pusillus'' (Murray) G.Don. - India, Sri Lanka, Western Himalayas # ''Catharanthus roseus'' (L.) G.Don. – Madagascar periwinkle, old-maid, rosy periwinkle, pink periwinkle - Madagascar; naturalized in Italy, S Asia, Australia, S United States, Central America, and various oceanic islands # ''Catharanthus scitulus'' (Pichon) Pichon - Madagascar # ''Catharanthus trichophyllus'' (Baker) Pichon - Madagascar == References == 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Catharanthus」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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