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Catoptrics (from ''katoptrikós'', "specular",〔''A Concise Dictionary of the English and Modern Greek Languages'' by Antonius Nicholas Jannaris, 1895 J. Murray〕 from ''katoptron'' "mirror") deals with the phenomena of reflected light and image-forming optical systems using mirrors. A catoptric system is also called a ''catopter'' (''catoptre''). ==Ancient texts== ''Catoptrics'' is the title of two texts from ancient Greece: *The Pseudo-Euclidean ''Catoptrics''. This book is attributed to Euclid,〔''Reading Euclid'' by J. B. Calvert, 2000 (Duke U. ) accessed 23 October 2007〕 although the contents are a mixture of work dating from Euclid's time together with work which dates to the Roman period.〔, accessed 31 January 2013〕 It has been argued that the book may have been compiled by the 4th century mathematician Theon of Alexandria.〔 The book covers the mathematical theory of mirrors, particularly the images formed by plane and spherical concave mirrors. *Hero's ''Catoptrics''. Written by Hero of Alexandria, this work concerns the practical application of mirrors for visual effects. In the Middle Ages, this work was falsely ascribed to Ptolemy. It only survives in a Latin translation.〔A. Mark Smith, (1999), ''Ptolemy and the Foundations of Ancient Mathematical Optics'', pages 16-17. American Philosophical Society. ISBN 0871698935〕 The Latin translation of Alhazen's (Ibn al-Haytham) main work, ''Book of Optics'' (''Kitab al-Manazir''),〔 (p.392 ) notes the ''Book of Optics'' has also been denoted as ''Opticae Thesaurus Alhazen Arabis'', as ''De Aspectibus'', and also as ''Perspectiva''〕 exerted a great influence on Western science: for example, on the work of Roger Bacon, who cites him by name.〔, passim〕 His research in catoptrics (the study of optical systems using mirrors) centred on spherical and parabolic mirrors and spherical aberration. He made the observation that the ratio between the angle of incidence and refraction does not remain constant, and investigated the magnifying power of a lens. His work on catoptrics also contains the problem known as "Alhazen's problem". Alhazen's work influenced Averroes' writings on optics,〔 〕 and his legacy was further advanced through the 'reforming' of his ''Optics'' by Persian scientist Kamal al-Din al-Farisi (d. ca. 1320) in the latter's ''Kitab Tanqih al-Manazir'' (''The Revision of'' (al-Haytham's ) ''Optics'').〔 〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Catoptrics」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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