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''Catuṣkoṭi'' (Sanskrit; Devanagari: चतुष्कोटि, ) is a logical argument(s) of a 'suite of four discrete functions' or 'an indivisible quaternity' that has multiple applications and has been important in the Dharmic traditions of Indian logic and the Buddhist logico-epistemological traditions, particularly those of the Madhyamaka school. Robinson (1957: pp. 302–303) states (negativism is employed in amplification of the Greek tradition of Philosophical skepticism):
In particular, the catuṣkoṭi is a "four-cornered" system of argumentation that involves the systematic examination and rejection of each of the 4 possibilities of a proposition, ''P'': # ''P''; that is, being. # not ''P''; that is, not being. # ''P'' and not ''P''; that is, being and not being. # not (''P'' or not ''P''); that is, neither being nor not being. It is interesting to note that under propositional logic, De Morgan's laws imply that the fourth case (neither ''P'' nor not ''P'') is equivalent to the third case (''P'' and not ''P''), and is therefore superfluous. ==Catuṣkoṭi algorithm mapped in partial logical algebra== The following is an adaptation of the model of Puhakka (2003: p. 133)〔Puhakka, Kaisa (2003). 'Awakening from the Spell of Reality: Lessons from Nāgārjuna' within: Segall, Seth Robert (2003). ''Encountering Buddhism: Western Psychology and Buddhist Teachings''. Albany, NY, USA: State University of New York Press. ISBN 0-7914-5736-2. Source: () (accessed: Sunday, May 9th 2010)〕 with the clear identification of the positive and negative configurations of the Catuṣkoṭi following Ng (1993: pp. 99–105).〔Ng, Yu-Kwan (1993). ''T'ien-t'ai Buddhism and Early Madhyamika''. Honolulu, HI: University of Hawaii Press, pp.99-105〕 P stands for any proposition and Not-P stands for the diametrical opposite or the contradiction of P (in a relationship of contradistinction); P and Not-P constitute a complementary bifurcation of mutual exclusivity, collectively constituting an exhaustive set of positions for any given (or determined) propositional array. A propositional array is signified in the model by numerals, traditionally though, propositional arrays were designated 'foot' (Sanskrit: pāda), a lexical item which holds the semantic field: 'line', 'one quartile of śloka'; where 'śloka' (Sanskrit) holds the semantic field: 'verse', 'stanza'.〔Mukherjee, Sujit (1999). ''A Dictionary of Indian Literature: Beginnings - 1850''. Orient Blackswan, ISBN 81-250-1453-5, p.271〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Catuṣkoṭi」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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