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Ceftazidime, sold under the brand names Fortaz and Tazicef,〔Lexicomp Online, Lexi-Drugs, Hudson, Ohio: Lexi-Comp, Inc.; 2014; April 20, 2014. http://online.lexi.com/lco/action/doc/retrieve/docid/patch_f/6560〕 is an antibiotic useful for the treatment of a number of bacterial infections. It is a third-generation cephalosporin. As a class, cephalosporins have activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The balance of activity tips toward Gram-positive organisms for earlier generations; later generations of cephalosporins have more Gram-negative coverage. Ceftazidime is one of the few in this class with activity against ''Pseudomonas''. It is not active against methicillin-resistant ''Staphylococcus aureus''. Third-generation cephalosporins differ from earlier generations in the presence of a C=N-OCH3 group in their chemical structure (Cefuroxime & Cefuzonam also bear this functional group but are only listed as class II). This group provides improved stability against certain beta-lactamase enzymes produced by Gram-negative bacteria. These bacterial enzymes rapidly destroy earlier-generation cephalosporins by breaking open the drug's beta-lactam chemical ring, leading to antibiotic resistance. Though initially active against these bacteria, with widespread use of third-generation cephalosporins, some Gram-negative bacteria known as extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) are even able to inactivate the third-generation cephalosporins. Infections caused by ESBL-producing Gram-negative bacteria are of particular concern in hospitals and other healthcare facilities. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most important medications needed in a basic health system. ==Medical uses== Ceftazidime is used to treat lower respiratory tract, skin, urinary tract, blood-stream, joint, and abdominal infections, and meningitis.〔 The drug is given intravenously (IV) or intramuscularly (IM) every 8–12 hours (two or three times a day), with dose and frequencing varying by the type of infection, severity, and/or renal function of the patient. Ceftazidime is also commonly prescribed off-label for nebulization in Cystic Fibrosis patients for the suppression of Pseudomonas in the lungs as well as the treatment of pulmonary exacerbations. Those with kidney disease are dosed less frequently.〔 Ceftazidime is the first-line treatment for the tropical infection, melioidosis, an important cause of sepsis in Asia and Australia. Labeled indications include the treatment of patients with: * ''Pseudomonas aeruginosa'' infections * other Gram-negative, aerobic infections * neutropenic fever〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ceftazidime」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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