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Ceftriaxone, sold under the trade name Rocephin, is an antibiotic useful for the treatment of a number of bacterial infections. This includes pneumonia, ear infections, skin infections, urinary tract infections, gonorrhea, pelvic inflammatory disease, septisis, bone and joint infections, intra-abdominal infections, and meningitis. It is also used preoperatively to reduce the risk of postoperative infections. It is administered by intravenous or intramuscular injection. The most common side effects are related to route of drug administration, including pain at the site of intramuscular injection and thrombophlebitis in intravenous administration. Gastrointestinal upset is also common. Due to precipitation of ceftriaxone in bile, biliary sludging, gallstones, and cholecystitis are also possible, if less common. It should not be used in newborns due to the risks of bilirubin encephalopathy and ceftriaxone-calcium precipitation. Dosage adjustment is usually required in people with kidney failure. Caution should be used in those who have had serious allergic reactions to penicillin.〔 It is a third-generation cephalosporin. Like other third-generation cephalosporins, it has broad-spectrum activity against Gram-positive bacteria and expanded Gram-negative coverage compared to second-generation agents. In most cases, it is considered to be equivalent to cefotaxime in terms of spectrum of antibacterial activity. Ceftriaxone sodium is marketed by Hoffmann-La Roche. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most important medications needed in a basic health system. == Medical use == Ceftriaxone and other third-generation antibiotics are used to treat organisms that tend to be resistant to many other antibiotics. Due to emergent resistance, ceftriaxone should not be used for the treatment of ''Enterobacter'' infections.〔 Before using ceftriaxone, it is important to determine the susceptibility of the bacteria. If sepsis is being considered empiric therapy may be initiated prior to susceptibility testing in immunocompromised and Immunocompetent patients.〔 According to the package insert,〔 clinical indications for ceftriaxone include: * lower respiratory tract infections * acute bacterial otitis media * skin and skin structure infections * urinary tract infections * uncomplicated gonorrhea * pelvic inflammatory disease * bacterial septicemia * intra-abdominal infections * meningitis * surgical prophylaxis It is also a choice drug for treatment of bacterial meningitis caused by pneumococci, meningococci, ''Haemophilus influenzae'', and "susceptible enteric Gram-negative rods, but not ''Listeria monocytogenes''." In combination with doxycycline or azithromycin, ceftriaxone is recommended by the United States Centers for Disease Control for the treatment of gonorrhea. By itself, it is not recommended due to the potential for resistance development.〔(【引用サイトリンク】Update to CDC's Sexually Transmitted Diseases Treatment Guidelines, 2010: Oral Cephalosporins No Longer a Recommended Treatment for Gonococcal Infections )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ceftriaxone」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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