|
Cernunnos is the conventional name given in Celtic studies to depictions of the "horned god" (sometimes referred to as Herne the Hunter) of Celtic polytheism. The name itself is only attested once, on the 1st-century Pillar of the Boatmen, but depictions of a horned or antlered figure, often seated cross-legged and often associated with animals and holding or wearing torcs, are known from other instances. Nothing is known about the god from literary sources, and details about his name, his followers or his significance in Celtic religion are unknown. Speculative interpretations identify him as a god of nature or fertility. ==Name== The theonym ''()ernunnos'' appears on the Pillar of the Boatmen, a Gallo-Roman monument dating to the early 1st century CE, to label a god depicted with stag's antlers in their early stage of annual growth.〔A. Kingsley Porter, "A Sculpture at Tandragee," ''Burlington Magazine'' 65 (1934), p. 227, pointing out the relative maturation of the antlers.〕 Both antlers have torcs hanging from them.〔 The name has been compared to a divine epithet ''Carnonos'' in a Celtic inscription written in Greek characters at Montagnac, Hérault (as καρνονου, ''karnonou'', in the dative case).〔Xavier Delamarre, ''Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise'' (Éditions Errance, 2003), pp. 106–107.〕 A Gallo-Latin adjective ''carnuātus'', "horned," is also found.〔Equivalent to Latin ''cornutus'', "horned"; Delamarre, citing J. Vendryes, ''Revue Celtique'' 42 (1925) 221–222.〕 The Proto-Celtic form of the theonym is reconstructed as either *''Cerno-on-os'' or *''Carno-on-os''. The augmentative ''-on-'' is characteristic of theonyms, as in Maponos, Epona, Matronae, and Sirona.〔Delamarre, citing M. Lejeune, ''Lepontica'' (Paris 1971), p. 325.〕 Maier (2010) states that the etymology of ''Cernunnos'' is unknown, as the Celtic word for "horn" has an ''a'' (as in ''Carnonos'').〔Bernard Maier, ''Dictionary of Celtic Religion and Culture'' (Alfred Kröner, 1994; Boydell, 2000), p. 69 (online. )〕 Gaulish ''karnon'' "horn" is cognate with Latin ''cornu'' and Germanic '' *hurnaz'', English ''horn'', ultimately from Proto-Indo-European '.〔Pokorny (1959) "k̑er-, k̑erə-; k̑rā-, k̑erei-, k̑ereu"()〕 The etymon ''karn-'' "horn" appears in both Gaulish and Galatian branches of Continental Celtic. Hesychius of Alexandria glosses the Galatian word ''karnon'' (κάρνον) as "Gallic trumpet", that is, the Celtic military horn listed as the carnyx (κάρνυξ) by Eustathius of Thessalonica, who notes the instrument's animal-shaped bell.〔Delamarre; Greek text and English translation of the passage from Eustathius' Homeric commentaries given by Edward Wigan, "Account of a Collection of Roman Gold Coins," ''Numismatic Chronicle'' 5 (1865), p. 11 (online. )〕 The root also appears in the names of Celtic polities, most prominent among them the Carnutes, meaning something like "the Horned Ones,"〔Also ''Carni'' and ''Carnonacae''.〕 and in several personal names found in inscriptions.〔Such as ''Carnarus, Carnatus, Carneolus, Carnius'' and ''Carnicus''; Altay Coşkun with Jürgen Zeidler, "'Cover Names' and Nomenclature in Late Roman Gaul: The Evidence of the Bordelaise Poet Ausonius" (2003), p. 33.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Cernunnos」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|