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Cervelliere
A cervelliere (cervellière, cervelliera;〔 (ラテン語:cervellerium),〔 ''cerebrarium'',〔 ''cerebrerium, cerebotarium''〔Planché, loc. cit., citing ''Chronicon Francisi Pepina'', lib. ii. cap. 50〕) is a hemispherical, close-fitting〔 skull cap of steel or iron.〔 It was worn as a helmet during the medieval period.
== History ==
The Cervelliere was first introduced during the late 12th century and was the primary head protection for Crusaders at that time. It was worn either alone or more often over or under a mail coif.〔 Additionally, a great helm could be worn over a cervelliere, and by the late 13th century this was the usual practice.
Over time, the Cervelliere experienced several evolutions. Many helmets became increasingly pointed and the back of the skull cap elongated to cover the neck, thus developing into the bascinet.〔 (''Encyclopaedia Britannica'', "Helmet")〕 Cerveillieres were worn throughout the medieval period and even during the Renaissance.〔Douglas Miller, ''Armies of the German Peasants' War 1524-26'' (Oxford: Osprey Publishing, 2003), 47.〕 They were cheap and easy to produce and thus much used by commoners and non-professional soldiers who could not afford more advanced protection.
Anecdotally, medieval literature credits the invention of the cervellière to astrologer Michael Scot ca. 1233,〔 though this is not seriously entertained by most historians. The ''Chronicon Nonantulanum''〔Planché gives ''Nantubanum'' but ''Nonantulanum'' is given by Du Cange〕 records that the astrologer devised the iron-plate cap shortly before his own predicted death, which he still inevitably met when a stone weighing two ounces fell on his protected head
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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