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Chabana
Chabana (茶花, literally "tea flowers") is a generic term for the arrangement of flowers put together for display at a Japanese tea ceremony. The method of arranging the flowers is according to the ''nageire'', or thrown in, style of flower arranging.〔Genshoku Chadō Daijiten, Iguchi Kaisen et. al, ed. (Kyoto: Tankosha Pub. Co., 10th printing, 1975). (in Japanese) Entry for "chabana."〕 In turn, nageire is recognized as a certain stylistic category of Kadō,〔 the Japanese "Way of Flowers." These all developed from ikebana, which had its origin in early Buddhist flower offerings (kuge).〔Kodansha Encyclopedia of Japan (1983, 1st ed.), entry for "flower arrangement."〕 Chabana, however, refers specifically to the flower display in the room or space for chadō,〔Kōjien Japanese dictionary (Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten), entry for "chabana."〕 and though it fundamentally is a form of ikebana, it comprises a genre unto its own.
==History==
The history of chabana follows hand-in-hand with the history of chadō, and within that historical milieu, chabana emerged in tandem with the rise of wabi-cha around the Momoyama period. Sen Rikyū is considered the most influential person in the development of wabi-cha, and is also credited as the originator of the accompanying ''nageire'' mode of flower arrangement, which is characterized by freedom and spontaneity in expressing the natural beauty of the material.〔 In the history of ikebana, the ''nageire'' style was added to the more stylized rikka arrangement around the end of the 1600s, as influenced by chabana.〔Genshoku Chadō Daijiten, entry for "Kadō."〕 This new style had fewer rules and appealed to those who were searching for a more simple and natural look. Early tea masters used the nageire style until it further divided into the seika, pure chabana, tea flower, styles. The chabana style, with no formal written rules, became the standard style of arrangement for Chanoyu.
==Usage==
The chabana is among the main focuses of attention for the guests at a tea gathering, being displayed in the tokonoma or other such area set aside for displaying the key thematic elements for the gathering. The main thematic element would be the kakemono, usually a hanging scroll featuring a Zen phrase or similar words written in brush and ink. Usually, the chabana will share the tokonoma space with the kakemono, but depending on the circumstances the kakemono might be up in the tokonoma when the guests first enter the room, and the chabana displayed later, at the main portion of the gathering following the intermission when the guests go out once. In either case, when the guests enter/reenter the room, they first take note of the item or items displayed in the tokonoma, which set the tone for the gathering.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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