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A chaconne (; ; ; , ) is a type of musical composition popular in the baroque era when it was much used as a vehicle for variation on a repeated short harmonic progression, often involving a fairly short repetitive bass-line (ground bass) which offered a compositional outline for variation, decoration, figuration and melodic invention. In this it closely resembles the passacaglia. The ground bass, if there is one, may typically descend stepwise from the tonic to the dominant pitch of the scale; the harmonies given to the upper parts may emphasize the circle of fifths or a derivative pattern thereof. ==History== Though it originally emerged during the late sixteenth century in Spanish culture, having reputedly been introduced from the New World, as a quick dance-song characterized by suggestive movements and mocking texts,〔Alexander Silbiger, "Chaconne," ''The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians'', ed. Stanley Sadie and J. Tyrrell (London: Macmillan, 2001).〕 by the early eighteenth century the chaconne had evolved into a slow triple meter instrumental form. Outstanding examples of early baroque "ciaccone" are Monteverdi's "Zefiro torna" and "Es steh Gott auf" by Heinrich Schütz.〔Gerald Drebes: "Schütz, Monteverdi und die 'Vollkommenheit der Musik' – 'Es steh Gott auf' aus den ''Symphoniae sacrae'' II (1647)". In: ''Schütz-Jahrbuch'', Jg. 14, 1992, pp. 25–55 ((online )).〕 One of the best known and most masterful and expressive examples of the chaconne is the final movement from the Violin Partita in D minor by Johann Sebastian Bach. This 256-measure chaconne takes a plaintive four-bar phrase through a continuous kaleidoscope of musical expression in both major and minor modes. After the Baroque period, the chaconne fell into decline during the 19th century, though the 32 Variations in C minor by Beethoven suggest its continuing influence. However, the form saw a very substantial revival during the 20th century, with more than two dozen composers contributing examples (see below). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Chaconne」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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