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Chaitén
Chaitén (, ) is a Chilean town, commune and former capital of the Palena Province in Los Lagos Region. The town is located north of the mouth of Yelcho River, on the east coast of the Gulf of Corcovado. The town is strategically located close to the northern end of the Carretera Austral where the highway goes inland.
==Evacuation==
The town was evacuated in May 2008 when the Chaitén volcano erupted for the first time in more than 9,000 years.〔The Global Volcanism Program reports that previously assessed radiocarbon dating of the last lava flow from Chaitén has suggested that the volcano last erupted in 7420 BC, plus or minus 75 years. ((NASA, "Earth Observatory Natural Hazards ))〕 The eruption, which commenced May 2, became more violent on May 5,〔((''Times'' online) "4,000 evacuated as volcano blast meets storm in the Chilean sky" ) May 6, 2008.〕 throwing up a high plume of ash and sulfurous steam that rose to , from which ashfall drifted across Patagonia, and over the Atlantic Ocean.〔(NASA, "Earth Observatory Natural Hazards ) plume visible from space]〕 During 2005 small earthquakes occurred below Chaiten and the nearby Liquiñe-Ofqui fault zone.
The town was completely flooded on May 12, 2008 after a lahar caused the banks of the Blanco River to overflow about 200 m on each side.〔(Global Volcanism Program | Chaitén | SI / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Reports )〕 Over the subsequent weeks, the river excavated a new course through Chaitén, completely destroying a significant part of it by July 2008. (At the time of writing, this process is still ongoing; it is unclear how extensive the damage will ultimately be.) Some defensive work has been undertaken by the government, but they ultimately decided to abandon the town, relocating and compensating all residents.〔(La Nacion "Gobierno no reconstruirá Chaitén y prepara relocalización", 2009 Jan 30 )〕 The provincial capital was provisionally moved to Futaleufú after the eruption breakout, but the capital shift was later on declared permanent. The future of the town has become a matter of political controversy in Chile.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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