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The Chajoma () were a Kaqchikel-speaking Maya people of the Late Postclassic period, with a large kingdom in the highlands of Guatemala.〔Hill 1998, p.229.〕 According to the indigenous chronicles of the K'iche' and the Kaqchikel, there were three principal Postclassic highland kingdoms; the K'iche', the Kaqchikel and the Chajoma.〔Hill 1998, p.233.〕 In the Annals of the Cakchiquels the Chajoma of Jilotepeque were always referred to as the ''akajal vinak'', in the Popul Vuh these can probably be identified with the ''akul vinak''.〔Hill 1998, p.229. Carmack 2001, p.152.〕 Both ''akajal vinak'' and ''akul vinak'' mean "the bee people" or "the hive people".〔Carmack 2001, p.152. Hill 1996, p.64.〕 ''Chajoma'' means "people of ocote" (a type of pine).〔Carmack 2001, p.151.〕 In colonial times this was rendered into Nahuatl as ''sacatepēc'' "Grass mountain" which led to its current Hispanicized name ''Sacatepéquez''.〔 Early records, for example, record the placename San Juan Sacatepéquez as San Juan Chajoma.〔 The Chajoma separated into six divisions, equivalent to the various colonial villages bearing Sacatepéquez in the name.〔Carmack 2001, p.152.〕 ==Extent and population== The political geography of the Chajoma is described in some detail in a small group of early colonial documents composed by the Chajoma leadership.〔Hill 1996, p.64.〕 At its greatest extent, the Chajoma kingdom covered an area of 900–1000 km². It was bounded on the north by the Motagua River, on the east with the Las Vacas River, by San Pedro Ayampuc in the southeast, the River Chalcayá on the southwest and the River Quisayá to the west.〔Hill 1998, pp.235-7.〕 Their neighbour to the south was the Poqomam kingdom, with its capital at Chinautla Viejo (Old Chinautla, identified as the Mixco Viejo of Colonial period records).〔Hill 1998, pp.250.〕 To the west they were bordered by the Kaqchikel kingdom based at Iximche.〔Maxwell & Hill 2006, p.6.〕 This territory includes the northern third of the department of Guatemala and includes both the cooler highland area to the south and the hotter lowlands of the Motagua Valley to the north. The latter is a challenging area for agriculture, with the poor soil of the steep-sided lowland river valleys consisting of semi-weathered metamorphic schistose. The best land for agriculture lies in the southern highland portion of the Chajoma territory, with settlement concentrating there from the Classic Period onwards.〔Hill 1996, p.69.〕 The Chajoma had their capital at the archaeological site currently known as Mixco Viejo (Old Mixco),〔 apparently known to the Chajoma by a variety of names, including ''Chuapec Kekacajol Nima Abaj'', ''Zakicajol'' and ''Nimcakajpec''.〔Hill 1996, pp.64, 67.〕 Apart from Mixco Viejo, the principal archaeological sites associated with the Late Postclassic Chajoma kingdom are El Horno, Las Vegas, El Ciprés, Pueblo Viejo Jilotepeque, Chuisac, La Merced, Chuabaj, Chiboló and possibly Sacul.〔Hill 1998, p.251.〕 Of these, only El Horno, El Ciprés, Las Vegas and Sacul can be considered major settlements. Other sites, such as Pistun, La Canoa and Cerrito de las Minas, appear to have been remote outposts in strategically important locations or lookout points monitoring access routes.〔Hill 1996, p.70.〕 Population estimates based on the number of archaeological sites put the Postclassic population of the Chajoma kingdom at 15-20,000 people divided between 15-20 clans.〔Hill 1998, pp.252.〕 Evidence from Colonial documents suggest that 14 clans (or ''chinamit'' in Kaqchikel) survived into post-Conquest times, with 10 divided between San Pedro Sacatepéquez and San Juan Sacatepéquez and 4 in San Martín Jilotepeque. However, these were probably the most important ''chinamit'' clans, with survivors of smaller subservient ''chinamit'' groups being absorbed into the larger clans. An estimate based on archaeological sites with monumental architecture place 1 ''chinamit'' each at El Ciprés and Sacul, 4 at Las Vegas, 2–3 at El Horno and 5 at the archaeological site of Mixco Viejo; plus a possible 2 at Cucul and 1 at Pachalum on the north back of the Motagua, if these were Chajoma sites. This would give a total of 13–16 clans, which is roughly equivalent to the number comprising the other two major highland kingdoms, the K'iche' and the Kaqchikel.〔Hill 1996, pp.83-84.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Chajoma」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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