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Chalcedon ( or ;〔("Chalcedon" ). Dictionary.com Unabridged (v 1.1). Random House, Inc. (accessed: September 21, 2008).〕 (ギリシア語:Χαλκηδών), sometimes transliterated as ''Chalkedon'') was an ancient maritime town of Bithynia, in Asia Minor. It was located almost directly opposite Byzantium, south of Scutari (modern Üsküdar) and it is now a district of the city of Istanbul named Kadıköy. The name ''Chalcedon'' is a variant of Calchedon, found on all the coins of the town as well as in manuscripts of Herodotus's ''Histories'', Xenophon's ''Hellenica'', Arrian's ''Anabasis'', and other works. Except for a tower, almost no aboveground vestiges of the ancient city survive in Kadıköy today; artifacts uncovered at Altıyol and other excavation sites are on display at the Istanbul Archaeological Museum. The site of Chalcedon is located on a small peninsula on the north coast of the Sea of Marmara, near the mouth of the Bosphorus. A stream, called the Chalcis or Chalcedon in antiquity〔William Smith, LLD, ed. (1854). ''Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography''. ("Chalcedon" ).〕 and now known as the Kurbağalıdere (Turkish: ''stream with frogs''), flows into Fenerbahçe bay. There Greek colonists from Megara in Attica founded the settlement of Chalcedon in 685 BC, some seventeen years before Byzantium. The Greek name of the ancient town is from its Phoenician name, meaning "New Town", as is the name of Carthage. ==Prehistory== The mound of Fikirtepe has yielded remains dating to the Chalcolithic period (5500-3500 BC) and attest to a continuous settlement since prehistoric times. Phoenicians were active traders in this area. Pliny states that Chalcedon was first named Procerastis, a name which may be derived from a point of land near it: then it was named Colpusa, from the form of the harbour probably; and finally Caecorum Oppidum, or the town of the blind.〔Pliny. ''Nat.'' 5.32〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Chalcedon」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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