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Challah
Challah (; (ヘブライ語:חלה) (:χa'la)), plural: challot or challos , is a special Jewish braided bread eaten on Sabbath and Jewish holidays.
== Name and origins ==
The name ''challah'' comes from the biblical requirement, ''hafrashat challah''—separating challah. The etymology of the Hebrew root ''halal'' is uncertain. It may originally have indicated roundness ("circle") and then also came to denote hollowness ("space") or vice versa. The bread was originally called ''hallah'' in Hebrew, since it was baked in the form of a round loaf.〔(Come ’Round ). Forward.com, 2004.〕 It is also now known as ''cholla'' bread.
Yiddish communities in different regions of Europe called the bread ''khale'', ''berkhes'' or ''barches'', ''bukhte'', ''dacher'', ''kitke'', ''koylatch'' or ''koilitsh'', or ''shtritsl''.〔〔(South African Challah? ). Forward.com, 2005. The etymology of kittke is given as ''Kitt'' + ''-ke'': ''Kitt'' in German means "putty" (); "-ke" is the Slavic diminutive suffix found in many Yiddish words and names. Kitke referred not to the whole challah but simply to the braids or decorations that were attached to the challah like putty before baking, and the word must have originally referred to these.〕 Some of these names are still in use today, such as ''kitke'' in South Africa.〔
The term ''koylatch'' is cognate with the names of similar braided breads which are consumed on special occasions by non-Jews in Eastern Europe. These are the Russian and Ukrainian ''kalach'', the Serbian ''kolač'', the Bulgarian ''kolak'', the Hungarian ''kalács'', and the Romanian ''colac''. These names originated from Proto-Slavic ''kolo'' meaning "circle", or "wheel", and refer to the circular form of the loaf.〔(Colac ) (in Romanian). DEXOnline: Dictionar Explicativ al Limbii Romane (Romanian online dictionary). References: Miklosich, Slaw. Elem., 25; Cihac, II, 67; Conev 66〕〔(Колач ) (in Russian). Max Vasmer. ''Russisches etymologisches Wörterbuch''. Winter, Heidelberg 1953–1958 (in German). Russian translation by Oleg Trubachyov: Этимологический словарь русского языка. Progress, Moscow, 1964–1973.〕
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