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A chamber of commerce (or board of trade) is a form of business network, for example, a local organization of businesses whose goal is to further the interests of businesses. Business owners in towns and cities form these local societies to advocate on behalf of the business community. Local businesses are members, and they elect a board of directors or executive council to set policy for the chamber. The board or council then hires a President, CEO or Executive Director, plus staffing appropriate to size, to run the organization. The first chamber of commerce was founded in 1599 in Marseille, France.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title= 1599 Création à Marseille de la première Chambre de Commerce. )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title= Le port de Marseille, qui possède la plus ancienne Chambre de Commerce de France (fondée en 1599), acquiert une notoriété Mondiale )〕〔André-Pierre Nouvion, ''Origine et histoire des juridictions consulaires et des Chambres de Commerce et d'Industrie Françaises'', 2002〕 Another official chamber of commerce would follow 65 years later, probably in Bruges, then part of the Spanish Netherlands.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title= elle ouvrit un nouveau bassin commercial en bordure de la ville en 1665 et créa une Chambre de commerce. )〕 The world's oldest English-speaking chamber of commerce, in New York City, dates from 1768. The oldest known existing chamber in the English-speaking world with continuous records, the Glasgow Chamber of Commerce,〔() 〕 was founded in 1783. However, Hull Chamber of Commerce is the UK's oldest, followed by those of Leeds and of Belfast in Northern Ireland. As a non-governmental institution, a chamber of commerce has no direct role in the writing and passage of laws and regulations that affect businesses. It may however, lobby in an attempt to get laws passed that are favorable to businesses. They also work closely with a number of other youth organizations in the country about the value and role of business in our society today.〔(American Business BSA Merit Badge Guide ), 22 Jun 2015.〕 ==Characteristics== Membership in an individual chamber can range from a few dozen to well over 800,000, as is the case with the Paris Île-de-France Regional Chamber of Commerce and Industry.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Expertise, services, local action: the Paris Île-de-France Regional Commerce and Industry is by your side )〕 Some chamber organizations in China report even larger membership numbers. Chambers of commerce can range in scope from individual neighborhoods within a city or town up to an international chamber of commerce. In the United States, chambers do not operate in the same manner as the Better Business Bureau in that, while the BBB has the authority to bind its members under a formal operation doctrine (and, thus, can remove them if complaints arise regarding their services), the local chamber membership is either voluntary or required by law. In addition, Chambers represent the interests of businesses, while the BBB represents both the interests of businesses and the general public. Some Chambers are partially funded by local government, others are non-profit, and some are a combination of the two. Chambers of commerce also can include economic development corporations or groups (though the latter can sometimes be a formal branch of a local government, the groups work together and may in some cases share office facilities) as well as tourism and visitor bureaus. Some chambers have joined state, national (such as the United States Chamber of Commerce and the British Chambers of Commerce) and even international bodies (such as Eurochambres, the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC), Worldchambers). Currently, there are about 13,000 chambers registered in the official Worldchambers Network registry, and the chamber of commerce network is the largest business network globally. This network is informal, with each local chamber incorporated and operating separately, rather than as a chapter of a national or state chamber. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Chamber of commerce」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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