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The Chamizal dispute was a border conflict over about on the U.S.-Mexico border between El Paso, Texas, and Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua. It was caused by a shift in the Rio Grande, as a survey presented in 1852 marked differences between the bed of the Rio Grande (in (スペイン語:Río Bravo del Norte)) and the present channel of the river.〔''Los Angeles Times'' (Dec 22, 1963) "End to the El Chamizal Affair"〕 The Chamizal was once the only link between El Paso and Ciudad Juárez and tensions over the territory during the historic Taft-Diaz summit almost resulted in the attempted assassination of both presidents on October 16, 1909. The Spanish word ''chamizal'' comes from ''chamizo,'' the common name for the four-wing saltbush (''Atriplex canescens'') which covered the disputed land near the present-day park. ==Origins (1848–1899)== The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo (which officially ended the Mexican-American War) and the Treaty of 1848 were the agreements originally responsible for the settlement of the international border, both of which specified that the middle of Rio Grande was the border – irrespective of any alterations in the channels or banks. The Treaty of 1848 went on to maintain that the alterations had to result from such gradual natural causes. This provision followed the long-established doctrine of international law that when changes in the course of a boundary river are caused by a deposit of alluvium, the boundary changes with the river, but when changes are due to avulsion, the old channel remains the boundary. The river continually shifted south between 1852 and 1868, with the most radical shift in the river occurring after a flood in 1864. By 1873 the river had moved approximately , cutting off land that was in effect made United States territory. The newly exposed land came to be known as ''El Chamizal'', and eventually the land was settled and incorporated as part of El Paso. Both Mexico and the United States claimed the land. In 1895, Mexican citizens filed suit in the Juárez Primary Court of Claims to reclaim the land. In 1899, a channel was dug by both countries across the heel of the horseshoe bend of the river at the dispute site for flood control purpose. This moved a 385-acre tract of land to the U.S. side of the river, but as man-made alterations do not change the boundary, this tract of land remained Mexican territory. This tract of land came to be known as Cordova Island, in a sense it was an island belonging to Mexico inside U.S. territory. Thus, there was little or no control by the local authorities, which created a haven for crime and opportunities for illegal crossings.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title="CORDOVA ISLAND," Handbook of Texas Online )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Chamizal dispute」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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