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Champa
The term Champa refers to a collection of independent Cham polities that extended across the coast of what is today central and southern Vietnam from approximately the 7th century through 19th century (1832), before being conquered and annexed by Vietnam. The kingdom was known variously as ''nagara Campa'' (Sanskrit; (クメール語:ចាម្ប៉ា)) in the Chamic and Cambodian inscriptions, in Vietnamese ( ''Chiêm Thành'' in Sino-Vietnamese vocabulary) and ''Zhànchéng'' in Chinese records.
The Chams of modern Vietnam and Cambodia are the remnants of this former kingdom. They speak Chamic languages, a subfamily of Malayo-Polynesian closely related to the Malayic and Bali–Sasak languages.
Champa was preceded in the region by a kingdom called Linyi (, Lim Ip in Middle Chinese) or Lâm Ấp (Vietnamese) that was in existence from 192 AD; the historical relationship between Linyi and Champa is not clear. Champa reached its apogee in the 9th and 10th centuries. Thereafter, it began a gradual decline under pressure from Đại Việt, the Vietnamese polity centred in the region of modern Hanoi. In 1832, the Vietnamese emperor Minh Mạng annexed the remaining Cham territories.
Hinduism, adopted from India since early in its history, has shaped the art and culture of Champa kingdom for centuries, as testified with numbers of exquisite Cham Hindu statues and red brick temples dotted the landscapes in Cham lands. Mỹ Sơn, a former religious centre, and Hội An, one of Champa's main port cities, are now World Heritage Sites. Today, some of Cham people adheres to Islamic faith, a conversion which was started in 15th century. There are however, Balamon Cham (from Sanskrit:Brahman) people that still retains and preserves their Hindu faith, rituals and festivals. Balamon Cham people is one of only two surviving non-Indic indigenous Hindu peoples in the world, with a culture dating back thousands of years. The other one is the Hindu Balinese of Indonesia.〔
==Overview==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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