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Chandrayaan-1 ((サンスクリット:चन्द्रयान-१),(; lit: Moon vehicle〔(【引用サイトリンク】title =chandra )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title =yaana )〕 ) was India's first lunar probe. It was launched by the Indian Space Research Organisation in October 2008, and operated until August 2009. The mission included a lunar orbiter and an impactor. India launched the spacecraft using a PSLV-XL rocket, serial number C11,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title =Mission Sequence )〕 on 22 October 2008 from Satish Dhawan Space Centre, Sriharikota, Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh, about 80 km north of Chennai, at 06:22 IST (00:52 UTC). Prime minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee announced the project on course in his Independence Day speech on 15 August 2003. The mission was a major boost to India's space program, as India researched and developed its own technology in order to explore the Moon. The vehicle was successfully inserted into lunar orbit on 8 November 2008.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title= Chandrayaan-1 Successfully Enters Lunar Orbit )〕 On 14 November 2008, the Moon Impact Probe separated from the Chandrayaan orbiter at 20:06 and struck the south pole in a controlled manner, making India the fourth country to place its flag on the Moon. The probe impacted near the crater Shackleton at 20:31 ejecting sub-surface soil that could be analysed for the presence of lunar water ice. The estimated cost for the project was . The remote sensing lunar satellite had a mass of at launch and in lunar orbit.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title =Spacecraft Description )〕 It carried high resolution remote sensing equipment for visible, near infrared, and soft and hard X-ray frequencies. Over a two-year period, it was intended to survey the lunar surface to produce a complete map of its chemical characteristics and three-dimensional topography. The polar regions are of special interest as they might contain ice. The lunar mission carried five ISRO payloads and six payloads from other space agencies including NASA, ESA, and the Bulgarian Aerospace Agency, which were carried free of cost. After almost a year, the orbiter started suffering from several technical issues including failure of the star sensors and poor thermal shielding, Chandrayaan stopped sending radio signals at 01:30 IST on 29 August 2009 shortly after which, the ISRO officially declared the mission over. Chandrayaan operated for 312 days as opposed to the intended two years but the mission achieved 95% of its planned objectives.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Chandrayan not a failure: NASA astronaut )〕 Among its many achievements, the greatest achievement was the discovery of the widespread presence of water molecules in the lunar soil.〔( VOA News - Chandrayaan Lunar Probe detects water on Moon )〕〔http://www.isro.gov.in/〕 ==History== Prime minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee announced the ''Chandrayaan'' project on course in his Independence Day speech on 15 August 2003. The mission was a major boost to India's space program. The idea of an Indian scientific mission to the moon was first mooted in 1999 during a meeting of the Indian Academy of Sciences. The Astronautical Society of India carried forward the idea in 2000. Soon after, the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) set up the National Lunar Mission Task Force which concluded that ISRO has the technical expertise to carry out an Indian mission to the moon. In April 2003 about 100 eminent Indian scientists in the fields of planetary and space sciences, earth sciences, physics, chemistry, astronomy, astrophysics and engineering and communication sciences discussed and approved the Task Force recommendation to launch an Indian probe to the moon. Six months later, in November, the Indian government gave the nod for the mission.〔(India's moon mission: nine years in the landing )〕〔(Chandrayaan-1: India's first scientific mission to the moon )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Chandrayaan-1」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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