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In traditional Chinese dress, a ' () is the male equivalent of the women's ''cheongsam'' (''qipao''). It is also known as a ''changpao'' (''chángpáo'' ) or ''dagua'' ( dàguà). The Mandarin Chinese word ''changshan'' is cognate with the Cantonese term ''chèuhngsàam'', which has been borrowed into English as "cheongsam". Unlike the Mandarin term, however, ''chèuhngsàam'' can refer to both male and female garments, and in Hong Kong is frequently used for the body-hugging female garment rather than for the male ''changshan''. The Hong Kong usage is reflected in the meaning of "cheongsam" in English, which refers exclusively to the female garment. A similar Burmese garment, called ''taikpon eingyi'' () which is also a jacket featuring mandarin collars, is part of formal attire for men at weddings and other formal functions. However, ''taikpon eingyi'' is much more form-fitting than the ''changshan'', with sleeves that cut off at the wrist and typically made of silk cloth. ==History== ''Changshan'', along with ''qipao'', were introduced to China during the Qing dynasty (17th–20th centuries). The Manchus in 1636 ordered that all Han Chinese should adopt the ''changshan'' style of dress or face harsh punishment. However, after the 1644 fall of the Ming dynasty, the Manchu stopped this order, and only required the court and government officials to wear Manchu clothes. Commoners were actually still allowed to wear the ''hanfu''. However, over time, the commoners adopted the ''changshan'' and ''qipao'' as their own dress. Thus, the traditional Chinese Hanfu style of clothing was gradually replaced. Over time, the Manchu style gained popularity. ''Changshan'' was formal dress for Chinese men before Western-style suits became common in China. The male ''changshan'' went well with the western overcoat, fedora, and scarf, and portrayed a unique East Asian modernity. The 1949 Communist Revolution ended the wearing of ''changshan'' and other similar clothing in Shanghai, but Shanghainese emigrants and refugees brought the fashion to Hong Kong where it has remained popular. Recently there has been a revival of the Shanghainese ''changshan'' in Shanghai and elsewhere in mainland China. It is made of silk. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Changshan」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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