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Charactosuchus
''Charactosuchus'' is an extinct genus of crocodilian. It was assigned to the family Crocodylidae in 1988.〔Carroll, R. L.(1988). ''Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution''. WH Freeman and Company, New York ISBN 0-7167-1822-7〕 Specimens have been found from Colombia, Brazil, Jamaica, and possibly Florida and South Carolina. It was gharial-like in appearance with its long narrow snout but bore no relation to them, being more closely related to modern crocodiles than to gharials.
==Species==
The type species, ''C. fieldsi'', has been found from the Villavieja Formation of Colombia and dates back to the mid Miocene. It has also been found from the Solimões Formation in Acre State, Brazil, along with ''C. sansoai'',〔Souza Filho, J. P. (1991). Charactosuchus sansaoi, uma nova espécie de Crocodilidae (Crocodylia) do Neógeno do Estado o Acre, Brasil. ''Actas do XII Congreso Brasileiro de Paleontologia'', 36.〕 ''C. fisheri'', and ''C. mendesi'' (originally assigned to ''Brasilosuchus''). In 1969, a lower jaw of a crocodilian that dated back to the Lutetian stage of the Eocene was found in Saint James Parish, Jamaica, and was described as belonging to a new species of ''Charactosuchus'' named ''C. kugleri''.〔Portell, R. W., Donovan, S. K., and Domning, D. P. (2001). Early Tertiary vertebrate fossils from seven Rivers, Parish of St. James, Jamaica, and their biogegraphical implications. ''Biogeography of the West Indies'' 191-200〕 However, this species may be considered synonymous with ''Dollosuchus'', according to later papers.〔Domning, D. P. and Clark, J. M. (1993). Jamaican Tertiary marine Vertebrata. ''In'': R.M. Wright and E. Robinson (eds.), ''Biostratigraphy of Jamaica. Geolog−
ical Society of America Memoir'' 182:413–415.〕 Isolated teeth thought to be from the genus have been found from Florida and South Carolina and are of early Pliocene age. This was thought to be evidence of the interchange between North and South American faunas, with the genus first appearing in North America and then migrating down into Colombia and Brazil.〔Estes, R. and Báez, A. (19850. Herpetofaunas of North and South America during the Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic: evidence for interchange? ''In'': F.G. Stehli and S.D. Webb (eds.), ''The Great American Biotic Interchange'', 139–197. Plenum Press, New York.〕 This theory is no longer accepted,〔Langston, W. and Gasparini, Z. (1997). Crocodilians, Gryposuchus and the South American gavials. ''In'': R.F. Kay, R.H. Madden, R.L. Cifelli, and J. Flynn (eds.), ''Vertebrate Paleontology in the Neotropics. The Miocene fauna of La Venta, Colombia'', 113–154. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington.〕 although the presence of '' Charactosuchus'' from Jamaica may suggest a European origin, with the genus migrating across either the De Geer or Thule land bridges.〔Agustí, J. and Antón, B. 2002. ''Mammoths, Sabretooths and Hominids: 65 Million Years of Mammalian Evolution in Europe''. 313 pp. Columbia Univ. Press, New York.〕
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