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Chariton
Chariton of Aphrodisias (; )〔In literature, he is also known as Χαρίτων Ἀφροδισιεύς and Χαρίτων Ἀφροδίσιος.〕 was the author of an ancient Greek novel probably titled ''Callirhoe'' (based on the subscription in the sole surviving manuscript), though it is regularly referred to as ''Chaereas and Callirhoe''〔"Τῶν περὶ Χαιρέαν καὶ Καλλιρρόην" in Greek.〕 (which more closely aligns with the title given at the head of the manuscript). Recent evidence of fragments of the text on papyri suggests that the novel may have been written in the mid 1st century AD, making it the oldest surviving complete ancient prose romance and the only one to make use of apparent historiographical features for background verisimilitude and structure, in conjunction with elements of Greek mythology, as Callirhoë is frequently compared to Aphrodite and Ariadne and Chaereas to numerous heroes, both implicitly and explicitly. As the fiction takes place in the past, and historical figures interact with the plot, ''Callirhoe'' may be understood as the first historical novel; it was later imitated by Xenophon of Ephesus and Heliodorus of Emesa, among others.
==Chariton's date==
Nothing is securely known of Chariton beyond what he states in his novel, which introduces him as "Chariton of Aphrodisias, secretary of the ''rhetor'' Athenagoras". The name "Chariton", which means "man of graces", has been considered a pseudonym chosen to suit the romantic content of his writing, but both "Chariton" and "Athenagoras" occur as names on inscriptions from Aphrodisias.
The latest possible date at which Chariton could have written is attested in papyri that contain fragments of his work, which can be dated by palaeography to about AD 200.〔 Analysis of Chariton's language has produced a range of proposals for dating. In the 19th century, before the discovery of the papyri, a date as late as the 6th century AD was proposed on stylistic grounds, while A. D. Papanikolaou argued in 1979 for the second half of the 1st century BC. One recent study of Chariton's vocabulary favours a date in the late 1st century or early 2nd century AD.
Edmund Cueva has argued〔 that Chariton also depended on Plutarch's ''vita'' of Theseus for thematic material, or perhaps directly on one of Plutarch's sources, an obscure mythographer, Paion of Amathus. If the source is Plutarch, then a date after the first quarter of the 2nd century is indicated. There is a dismissive reference, however, to a work called ''Callirhoe'' in the ''Satires'' of Persius,〔Persius (Aules Persius Flaccus). "Satire 1." ''Horace: Satires and Epistles; Persius: Satires.'' Trans. Niall Rudd. London: Penguin Classics, 2005. Print. In Satire 1 (lines 124-134), Persius suggests that those having a juvenile sense of humor and unsophisticated taste in art and literature should stick to "the law reports in the morning, and ''Calliroë'' after lunch."〕 who died in AD 62; if this is Chariton's novel, then a relatively early date would be indicated.〔 Regardless, Chariton probably wrote before the other Greek novelists whose works survive, making either his work or Petronius' ''Satyricon'' the earliest extant European novel.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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