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The Charrúa are an indigenous people of South America in present-day Uruguay and the adjacent areas in Argentina (Entre Ríos) and Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul).〔Burford 16〕〔("Uruguay and the memory of the Charrúa tribe." ) ''The Prisma.'' 28 March 2011. Retrieved 20 Dec 2011.〕 They were a semi-nomadic people that sustained themselves through fishing, hunting, and gathering; some think they were related to the Tehuelche people.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=El origen de los charrúas ) 〕 ==History== It is thought that the Charrúa were driven south into present-day Uruguay by the Guaraní people around 4000 years ago.〔Burford 12〕 According to the Charrúa, the Charrúan people killed Spanish explorer Juan Díaz de Solís during his 1515 voyage up the Río de la Plata, but this was contradicted by researchers who said that the Charrúa people were not cannibalistic and that it was actually the Guaranis who did it. Later, it was proven that there was no direct testimony of this moment. Following the arrival of European settlers, the Charrúa, along with the Chana, strongly resisted their territorial invasion. In the 18th and 19th centuries the Charruas were confronted by cattle exploitation that strongly altered their way of life, causing famine and forcing them to rely on cows and sheep. Unfortunately, those were in that epoch increasingly privatized. Malones (raids) were resisted by settlers who freely shot any indigenous people who were in their way. Later, Fructuoso Rivera - Uruguay's first president, who possessed a hacienda – organized the Charruas's genocide. Since 11 April 1831, when the Salsipuedes (meaning "Get-out-if-you-can") campaign was launched by a group led by Bernabé Rivera, nephew of Fructuoso Rivera, it is said that the Charruas were extinct. Four surviving Charrúas were captured at Salsipuedes. They were Senacua Sénaqué, a medicine man; Vaimaca-Pirú Sira, a warrior; and a young couple, Laureano Tacuavé Martínez and María Micaëla Guyunusa. All four were taken to Paris, France, in 1833, where they were exhibited to the public. They all soon died in France, including a baby daughter born to Sira and Guyunusa, and adopted by Tacuavé.〔 The child was named María Mónica Micaëla Igualdad Libertad by the Charrúas, yet she was filed by the French as Caroliné Tacouavé.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://indiauy.tripod.com/ceci/ceci_a15-04.htm )〕 A monumental sculpture, ''Los Últimos Charrúas'' was built in their memory in Montevideo, Uruguay.〔Burford 119〕 Since the 80's - after Uruguay's last dictatorship -, a group of people is affirming and revendicating their Charruan ancestry. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Charrúa people」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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