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Chartaque
A chartaque (Persian: "four tree trunks", (ドイツ語:Tschartake), (トルコ語:Çardak)) is a watchtower and important element of the fortification systems in the time of the Ottoman Empire.
== Construction ==
The original form, to which the name relates, was built of four logs, but over time ''chartaques'' were built in different sizes depending on the number of defending units. Fundamentally they were places of observation and defence. A characteristic structural feature of ''chartaques'' is that they consisted of a lookout tower with a palisade around the base. Other defensive works such as ''schanzen'', abatis, ramparts and ditches were often built in the vicinity as additional protection against an enemy.
The construction of a ''chartaque'' was an operation that lasted several weeks. In 1706, during the time of the Kuruc wars, precise details are known about the fortifications of the ''Kuruc schanzen'' in eastern Styria. For one four-man ''chartaque'', thus a relatively small one (there were also ''chartaques'' for up to 20 men), which was to be built in Goritz bei Radkersburg, about three kilometres north of the town of Radkersburg, the following was assessed to be needed: 20 workers (socagers from the surrounding villages), eight log posts each of three fathoms (ca. 18 feet long), 24 logs for beams and wall benches, 18 logs for the upper and lower floors, 25 battens, 75 wide boards, 400 batten nails, 1,000 shingle nails, 67 carts and, as for tradesmen, master carpenter: 18 man days and carpenter's apprentices: 54 man days. Such a ''chartaque'' came at a cost of 28 guilders and 24 kreuzer (plus the "free" socage). For two or three ''chartaques'' an overseer was appointed in addition to the crews of each ''chartaque''.〔Fritz Posch: ''Flammende Grenze. Die Steiermark in den Kuruzzenstürmen.'' 1st Edition. Verlag Styria, Graz 1968, p. 203. 2nd edition as: a publication by the Styrian Archives. Volume 5. Styria, Graz-Vienna-Cologne, 1986. ISBN 3-222-11691-1. 〕 For the rebuilding of another ''chartaque'' which was burned down to its supporting posts, the cost was estimated at 30 guilders.〔Posch: ''Flammende Grenze.'' p. 250.〕 There were also ''chartaques'' that were additionally protected by a small redoubt (''redutierte Tschartaken''), the redoubt costing an estimated 40 guilders.〔Posch: ''Flammende Grenze.'' S. 201, 203–204〕 For larger ''chartaques'' for 12-15 men, 32 construction-quality logs (''Stubenbäume''), six rafter logs (''Gesparrbäume''), four complete trees for the posts, 75 standard boards and 1,500 batten nails were needed.〔 Posch: ''Flammende Grenze.'' p. 194〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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