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Chartoularios
The ''chartoularios'' or ''chartularius'' ((ギリシア語:χαρτουλάριος)), Anglicized as chartulary, was a late Roman and Byzantine administrative official, entrusted with administrative and fiscal duties, either as a subaltern official of a department or province or at the head of various independent bureaus.
==History==
The title derives from Latin ''chartulārius'' from ''charta'' (ultimately from Greek χάρτης ''chartēs''),〔R. S. P. Beekes, ''Etymological Dictionary of Greek'', Brill, 2009, p. 1616.〕 a term used for official documents, and is attested from 326, when ''chartularii'' were employed in the chanceries (''scrinia'') of the senior offices of the Roman state (the praetorian prefecture, the ''officium'' of the ''magister militum'', etc.).〔.〕 Originally lowly clerks, by the 6th century they had risen in importance, to the extent that Peter the Patrician, when distinguishing between civil and military officials, calls the former ''chartoularikoi''.〔.〕 From the 7th century on, ''chartoularioi'' could be either employed as heads of departments within a fiscal department (''sekreton'' or ''logothesion''), as heads of independent departments, or in the thematic (provincial) and tagmatic administration, although the occasional appointment of ''chartoularioi'' at the head of armies is also recorded. The ecclesiastic counterpart was called a ''chartophylax'', and both terms were sometimes used interchangeably.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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