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Chasse-marée
In English, a chasse-marée is a specific, archaic type of decked commercial sailing vessel.
In French, ''un chasse-marée'' was 'a wholesale fishmonger', originally on the Channel coast of France and later, on the Atlantic coast as well. He bought in the coastal ports and sold in inland markets. However, this meaning is not normally adopted into English. The name for such a trader in Britain, from 1500 to 1900 at least, was 'rippier'.〔Oxford English Dictionary ISBN 0-19-861212-5〕 The chasse-marée name was carried over to the vehicle he used for carrying the fish, which because of the perishable nature of its load, was worked in the same urgent manner as a mail coach. Later, fast three-masted luggers〔(Pictures of a model of a chasse-marée; rigged as a lugger. )〕 were used to extend the marketing process to the purchase of fresh fish in Breton ports and on the fishing grounds. These vessels too, were known as ''chasse-marée''. Both these meanings, particularly the latter, are used in English where, unlike the French, the plural normally takes an 's'.
==Derivation of the name==
''Une marée'' has the basic meaning of 'a sea tide'. Fish is a highly perishable commodity. Before the days of conservation by salting, canning or freezing, it was brought ashore as near to its market as possible. Therefore, each coastal place had its harbour or its beach on which fish were landed, originally for that community. Berths in small ports and the upper parts of beaches were accessible from the sea only towards high tide. Where estuaries allowed entry farther inland, harbours were established some way into them. Consequently, the fishermen landed their catches towards high tide; in other words the landings were half-daily events, though particularly on the morning tide. They occurred in time with ''la marée'' so the landing of fish itself came to be known also as ''la marée''; not only the process of landing but the batch of fish too. ''La marée'' therefore, now means any of 'the tide', 'the landing of fish' or 'sea fish marketed as a fresh product'. The last is nowadays, usually taken as including shellfish.
Each of the two French words involved in the name 'chasse-marée' has a range of meanings but in this instance, they are ''chasser'' 'to impel' or 'to drive forward'〔Under 'cashmarie', the Oxford English Dictionary expresses it as 'to drive in haste'. ''Cachi'' is the Norman language cognate of ''chasser'' and 'Cashmarie' a name used for a rippier in Scotland ca. 1600 (OED). The word ''chasse'' is used in other compound words such as ''chasse-mouches'', fly whisk; ''chasse-neige'', snow plough; ''chasse-pierres''; cowcatcher. ''Nouveau Petit Larousse'' (1934).〕 and ''une marée'', 'a landing of fresh sea fish'.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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