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Châtelperronian
Châtelperronian was the earliest industry of the Upper Palaeolithic in central and south western France, extending also into Northern Spain. It derives its name from the site of ''la Grotte des Fées'', in Châtelperron, Allier, France.
It arose from the earlier Mousterian industry. It lasted from between c. 45,000 and c. 40,000 BP. The industry produced denticulate stone tools and also a distinctive flint knife with a single cutting edge and a blunt, curved back. The use of ivory at Châtelperronian sites tends to be more frequent than that of the later Aurignacian,〔d'Errico, F.D., Zilhao, J., Julien, M., Baffier, D. and Pelerin, J. 1998. Neanderthal Acculturation in Western Europe? A Critical Review of the Evidence and its Interpretation. ''Current Anthropology'' Supplement to 39: S1-S44〕 while antler tools appear to be absent.
It was followed by the Aurignacian industry. Controversy exists as to how far archaeologically it is associated with Neanderthal people.〔Higham T, Jacobi R, Julien M, David F, Basell L, Wood R, Davies W, Ramsey CB.C (2010). Chronology of the Grotte du Renne (France) and implications for the context of ornaments and human remains within the Chatelperronian. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. PMID 20956292〕〔Mellars P. (2010). Neanderthal symbolism and ornament manufacture: The bursting of a bubble? Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 〕 The Châtelperronian industry may relate to the origins of the very similar Gravettian culture. French archaeologists have traditionally classified both cultures together under the name Périgordian, ''Early Perigordian'' being equivalent to Châtelperronian and all the other phases corresponding to Gravettian,〔F. Jordá Cerdá et al., ''Historia de España 1. Prehistoria''. Gredos ed. 1986. ISBN 84-249-1015-X〕〔X. Peñalver, ''Euskal Herria en la Prehistoria''. Orain ed. 1996. ISBN 84-89077-58-4〕〔M.H. Alimen and M.J. Steve, ''Prehistoria''. Siglo XXI ed. 1970. ISBN 84-323-0118-3〕 though this scheme is not often used by Anglophone authors.
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