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A chawan (茶碗; literally "tea bowl") is a bowl used for preparing and drinking tea. There are many types of chawan used in East Asian tea ceremonies. The choice of their use depends upon many considerations. ==History== Chawan originated in China. The earliest chawan in Japan were imported from China between the 13th through the 16th century. The ''Jian chawan'', a Chinese tea bowl known as ''Tenmoku chawan'' in Japan, was the preferred tea bowl for the Japanese tea ceremony up until the 16th century.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/110861/Jian-ware )〕 In Japan, tea was also mainly drunk from this Chinese variety of tea bowls up till about the 15th century. The Japanese term ''tenmoku'' is derived from the name of the Tianmu Mountain, where Japanese priests acquired these tea bowls from the Chinese temples to bring back to Japan. File:Black Raku Tea Bowl.jpg|A 16th century black Raku-ware chawan (Tokyo National Museum) File:Hares fur IMGP3594.jpg|Jian chawan with "hare's fur" glaze, Song Dynasty (960–1279)〔 File:Song Dynasty tea bowl on a Ming Dynasty stand.jpg|A 13th-century Jian chawan from the Song Dynasty sitting atop a 16th-century lacquer tea bowl stand from the Ming Dynasty. An 11th-century resident of Fujian wrote about the Jian tea wares: : By the end of the Kamakura period (1185–1333), as the custom of tea drinking spread throughout Japan and the ''Tenmoku chawan'' became desired by all ranks of society, the Japanese began to make their own copies in Seto (in present-day Aichi Prefecture). Although the ''Tenmoku chawan'' was derived from the original Chinese that came in various colors, shapes, and designs, the Japanese particularly liked the bowls with a tapered shape, so most Seto-made ''Tenmoku chawan'' had this shape.〔 With the rise of the ''wabi'' tea ceremony in the late Muromachi period (1336–1573), the ''Ido chawan'', a variety of Korean bowls mainly used for rice in Korea, also became highly prized in Japan.〔 Korean bowls were a favourite of Sen no Rikyu because of their rough simplicity.〔Sadler, A.L. ''Cha-No-Yu: The Japanese Tea Ceremony.'' Tokyo: Tuttle, 1962, 67.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Chawan」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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