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Cheesecake is a sweet dish consisting of one or more layers. The main, and thickest layer, consists of a mixture of soft, fresh cheese (typically cream cheese or ricotta), eggs, and sugar; if there is a bottom layer it often consists of a crust or base made from crushed cookies (or digestive biscuit), graham crackers, pastry, or sponge cake. It may be baked or unbaked (usually refrigerated). Cheesecake is usually sweetened with sugar and may be flavored or topped with fruit, whipped cream, nuts, fruit sauce, and/or chocolate syrup. Cheesecake can be prepared in many flavors, such as strawberry, pumpkin, key lime, chestnut, or toffee. == History == An ancient form of cheesecake may have been a popular dish in ancient Greece even prior to Romans' adoption of it with the conquest of Greece.〔Dana Bovbjerg, Jeremy Iggers, ''The Joy of Cheesecake'', Barron's Educational Series, 1989〕 The earliest attested mention of a cheesecake is by the Greek physician Aegimus, who wrote a book on the art of making cheesecakes (—''plakountopoiikon suggramma'').〔Callimachus, ''ap. Athen'', xiv. p. 643, e〕〔(πλακουντοποιικός ), Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, ''A Greek-English Lexicon'', on Perseus〕 The earliest extant cheesecake recipes are found in Cato the Elder's ''De Agri Cultura'', which includes recipes for two cakes for religious uses: ''libum'' and ''placenta''.〔Cato the Elder, ''De Agri Cultura'', paragraphs 75 and 76. Available in English on-line at: (University of Chicago: Penelope ) (Note: The "leaves" mentioned in Cato's recipe are bay leaves.)〕 Of the two, placenta is most like most modern cheesecakes, having a crust that is separately prepared and baked.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 A Bit of Food History: Cheesecake )〕 A more modern version is found in ''Forme of Cury'', an English cookbook from 1390. On this basis, chef Heston Blumenthal has argued that cheesecake is an English invention. Modern commercial American cream cheese was developed in 1872, when William Lawrence, from Chester, New York, while looking for a way to recreate the soft, French cheese Neufchâtel, accidentally came up with a way of making an "unripened cheese" that is heavier and creamier; other dairymen came up with similar creations independently.〔(cheesecake History )〕 The type of modern cheesecake that has an uncooked, cream-cheese filling on a cookie-crumb base is an American invention that differs greatly from English cheesecakes, which traditionally include dried fruits and spices and are baked in the oven.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Cheesecake」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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