| 翻訳と辞書 |
Chekism
Chekism (from ''Cheka'', the first Soviet secret police organization) is a term to describe the situation in the Soviet Union and contemporary Russia, where the secret political police control everything in society.〔(The Chekist Takeover of the Russian State ), Anderson, Julie (2006), International Journal of Intelligence and Counter-Intelligence, 19:2, 237-288.〕〔(The HUMINT Offensive from Putin's Chekist State ) Anderson, Julie (2007), International Journal of Intelligence and Counter-Intelligence, 20:2, 258-316〕
==Soviet Union==
The idea of the secret political police as a backbone of Soviet society was put forward by Abdurakhman Avtorkhanov, who wrote:
These ideas were also shared by journalist John Barron,〔''KGB: The Secret Work of Soviet Secret Agents.'' New York: Reader's Digest Press, 1974. London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1974. () New York: Bantam Books, 1974.〕 retired KGB Major General Oleg Kalugin,〔(''The Triumph of the KGB'' by retired KGB Major General Oleg D. Kalugin ) The Centre for Counterintelligence and Security Studies〕 and researcher on KGB subjects Evgenia Albats. According to Albats, most KGB leaders, including Lavrenty Beria, Yuri Andropov, and Vladimir Kryuchkov, have always struggled for the power with the Communist Party and manipulated the communist leaders.〔Yevgenia Albats and Catherine A. Fitzpatrick. The State Within a State: The KGB and Its Hold on Russia--Past, Present, and Future. 1994. ISBN 0-374-52738-5.〕
Commenting on the Soviet regime of early 1980s Yegor Gaidar writes: "Authority of the regime was based on the effective secret police." Along with that, "since 1968, before the death of Brezhnev, no weapons were used to suppress the dissent. The regime has learned to do without extreme forms of violence". According to the data provided by Gaidar, "In 1958-1966 people convicted for anti-Soviet agitation amounted to 3448. In 1967-1975, 1583 people were convicted. In 1971-1974, KGB "took care" of 63 thousand people.〔The original expression was literally a "prophylaxis" of the people by the KGB, an example of Soviet newspeak, which means that people were forced to stop their harmful political activities. This was done by different means, including threats, firing them from their job, or putting them into a psychiatric hospital.〕 Potential dissidents must realize that their activities are known to the authorities and there's an alternative—to be jailed or to express loyalty to the authorities."〔E. Gaidar. "Death of the Empire. Lessons for the contemporary Russia.", 2007, ISBN 5-8243-0759-8. (Buy ), (download ).〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
■ウィキペディアで「Chekism」の詳細全文を読む
スポンサード リンク
| 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース |
Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.
|
|