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Hazar, Turkmenistan
Hazar (formerly known as Çeleken, also written Cheleken; (ロシア語:Челекен); Persian: Chaharken چهارکن) is a city in western Turkmenistan on the Caspian Sea, part of the Balkan Province,
==History==
In the 4th/10th century, Turkmen pirates pillaged ships wrecked on the Sīāhkūh (Mangyshlak) peninsula; this activity peaked in the 12th/18th century. Their principal haunts were located on the rocky coasts surrounding the bay of Balkan (Krasnovodsk), on ''cape Cheleken'', and in the neighboring islands (Dargān island, the Ogūrtjoy/Ogurchinskiĭ islands). Usually about half the ships went raiding along the Gīlān, Māzandarān, and Gorgān coasts of Persia, while the other half remained in port to defend against reprisal attacks by the Persians. In fact, the various expeditions of the Persian King Nadir Shah to the Turkman coast, including his construction of a fort dominating the bay of Balḵān, had little effect.〔de Planhol, Xavier: (1990), (CASPIAN SEA i. GEOGRAPHY ), Encyclopædia Iranica. Vol.V, Fasc. 1, pp. 48-50〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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