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Chesterfield is a market town and a borough of Derbyshire, United Kingdom. It lies north of Derby, on a confluence of the rivers Rother and Hipper. It has a population of 103,800 (2011),〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadTableView.do?a=7&b=6275057&c=Chesterfield&d=13&e=62&g=6413218&i=1001x1003x1032x1004&m=0&r=1&s=1412699838160&enc=1&dsFamilyId=2473 )〕 making it the largest town within the administrative borders of Derbyshire, and the second largest settlement in the traditional county after the unitary authority of the city of Derby. Archaeology of the town traces its beginnings to the 1st century and the construction of a Roman fort,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Chesterfield Roman Fort )〕 which became redundant and was abandoned once peace was achieved. Later an Anglian village grew up on the site; the name Chesterfield stems from the Anglo-Saxon words 'caester' (a Roman fort) and 'feld' (grazing land).〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Chesterfield History )〕 Chesterfield received its market charter in 1204 and has a moderate sized market on three days a week.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Visit Chesterfield )〕 The town sits on a large coalfield which formed a major part of the area's economy until the 1980s. Little evidence of the mining industry remains today. The town's best known landmark is the Church of St Mary and All Saints, popularly known as the "Crooked Spire", which was originally constructed in the 14th-century. ==History== Chesterfield was in the Hundred of Scarsdale. The town received its market charter in 1204 from King John and around 250 stalls can be found in the town every Monday, Friday and Saturday. The charter constituted the town as a free borough, granting the burgesses of Chesterfield the same privileges as those of Nottingham. In 1266, it was the site of the Battle of Chesterfield, in which a band of rebellious barons were defeated by a royalist army. Elizabeth I granted a charter of incorporation in 1594, creating a corporation consisting of a mayor, six aldermen, six brethren, and twelve capital burgesses. This remained the governing charter until the borough was reformed under the Municipal Corporations Act 1835. The borough originally consisted only of the township of Chesterfield, but was extended in 1892 to include parts of surrounding townships. In 1920 there was a major extension to the borough when it absorbed New Whittington and Newbold urban district. Chesterfield's current boundaries date from 1 April 1974, when under the Local Government Act 1972, the Borough of Chesterfield was formed by the amalgamation of the municipal borough with the urban district of Staveley and the parish of Brimington from Chesterfield Rural District. Chesterfield benefited greatly from the building of the Chesterfield Line – part of the Derby to Leeds railway (North Midland Line), which was begun in 1837 by George Stephenson. During its construction, a sizeable seam of coal was discovered during the construction of the Clay Cross Tunnel. This and the local ironstone were promptly exploited by Stephenson who set up a company in Clay Cross to trade in the minerals. During his time in Chesterfield, Stephenson lived at Tapton House, and remained there until his death in 1848. He is interred in Trinity Church. In 2006, a statue of Stephenson was erected outside Chesterfield railway station. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Chesterfield」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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