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Chełmno
Chełmno (older (英語:Culm); ) is a town in northern Poland near the Vistula river with 20,000 inhabitants and the historical capital of Chełmno Land. Situated in the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship since 1999, Chełmno was previously in Toruń Voivodeship (1975–1998).
== Name ==
The city's original name ''Chelmno'' comes from the old Polish word for hill: "chelm".〔Acta Universitatis Nicolai Copernici: Nauki humanistyczo-społeczne, Issues 22-28 Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika, 1967, page 6〕〔Słownik etymologiczny nazw geograficznych Polski
Maria Malec
Wydawn. Naukowe PWN, 2002, page 56〕 After arrival of Teutonic Knights several centuries later the German name ''Culm'' appeared and was also used in official documents regarding the town, when was a member of the Hanseatic League.〔Heinrich Gottfried Philipp Gengler: ''Regesten und Urkunden zur Verfassungs- und Rechtsgeschichte der deutschen Städte im Mittelalter'', Erlangen 1863, (pp. 679-680 ).〕 After centuries under Polish jurisdiction, the city was officially renamed from its Polish Chełmno name to Kulm, 100 years after it fell back to Prussia in 1772, as part of a Germanization effort.〔''Blitzkrieg w Polsce wrzesien 1939'' Richard Hargreaves, page 29, Bellona Warsaw 2009〕 During the Nazi occupation in World War II, the town was once again renamed to ''Kulm''. The town also has been known as ''Culm'' in English.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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