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Chiaha
Chiaha was a Native American chiefdom located in the lower French Broad River valley in modern East Tennessee, in the southeastern United States. They lived in raised structures within boundaries of several stable villages. These overlooked the fields of maize, beans, squash, and tobacco, among other plants which they cultivated. Chiaha was the northern extreme of the paramount Coosa chiefdom's sphere of influence in the 16th century when the Spanish expeditions of Hernando de Soto and Juan Pardo passed through the area. The Chiaha chiefdom included parts of modern Jefferson and Sevier counties, and may have extended westward into Knox, Blount and Monroe counties.〔Charles Hudson, ''The Juan Pardo Expeditions: Explorations of the Carolinas and Tennessee, 1566-1568'' (Tuscaloosa, Ala.: University of Alabama Press, 2005), 104.〕
The Spanish explorers' accounts of Chiaha provide a rare first-hand glimpse of life in a Dallas Phase Mississippian-era village. The Dallas culture, named after Dallas Island near Chattanooga where its distinct characteristics were first observed, dominated much of East Tennessee between approximately 1300 and 1600 AD.〔Gerald Schroedl, (Mississippian Culture ), ''The Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture'', 2009. Retrieved: 9 February 2013.〕 Both the de Soto and Pardo expeditions spent several days at Chiaha's principal village. The Pardo expedition constructed a short-lived fort nearby called San Pedro. But, by the time English explorers arrived in the area in the late 17th and early 18th centuries, the Chiaha area was largely uninhabited and dominated by the Cherokee.〔Samuel Cole Williams, ''Early Travels in the Tennessee Country, 1540-1800'', Johnson City, TN: The Watauga Press, 1928〕
==Geographical setting==
The chief village of Chiaha was called ''Olamico'' in their own language. The Hernando de Soto expedition recorded the name as ''Chiaha'' and the Pardo expedition as ''Olamico''. It was located on an island in the French Broad River, in modern times called Zimmerman's Island.〔David Dye, (Pardo Expedition ), ''The Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture'', 2009, Retrieved: 9 February 2013.〕 This island was located upstream from the mouth of the French Broad and approximately upstream from the present location of Douglas Dam. With the completion of Douglas Dam in 1943, a reservoir was created that completely submerged Zimmerman's Island, ending possible archeological excavation of Olamico and the area.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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