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Chichen Itza (,〔See also 〕 (スペイン語:Chichén Itzá) (:tʃiˈtʃen iˈtsa), from ;〔Barrera Vásquez et al., 1980.〕 "at the mouth of the well of the Itza") was a large pre-Columbian city built by the Maya people of the Terminal Classic period. The archaeological site is located in Tinúm Municipality, Yucatán State, Mexico.〔Gobierno del Estado de Yucatán 2007.〕 Chichen Itza was a major focal point in the Northern Maya Lowlands from the Late Classic (c. AD 600–900) through the Terminal Classic (c. AD 800–900) and into the early portion of the Postclassic period (c. AD 900–1200). The site exhibits a multitude of architectural styles, reminiscent of styles seen in central Mexico and of the Puuc and Chenes styles of the Northern Maya lowlands. The presence of central Mexican styles was once thought to have been representative of direct migration or even conquest from central Mexico, but most contemporary interpretations view the presence of these non-Maya styles more as the result of cultural diffusion. Chichen Itza was one of the largest Maya cities and it was likely to have been one of the mythical great cities, or ''Tollans'', referred to in later Mesoamerican literature.〔 The city may have had the most diverse population in the Maya world, a factor that could have contributed to the variety of architectural styles at the site.〔Miller 1999, p.26.〕 The ruins of Chichen Itza are federal property, and the site’s stewardship is maintained by Mexico’s ''Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia'' (National Institute of Anthropology and History). The land under the monuments had been privately owned until 29 March 2010, when it was purchased by the state of Yucatán.〔Concerning the legal basis of the ownership of Chichen and other sites of patrimony, see Breglia (2006), in particular Chapter 3, "Chichen Itza, a Century of Privatization". Regarding ongoing conflicts over the ownership of Chichen Itza, see Castañeda (2005). Regarding purchase, see "Yucatán: paga gobierno 220 mdp por terrenos de Chichén Itzá," La Jornada, 30 March 2010, retrieved 30 March 2010 from (jornada.unam.mx )〕 Chichen Itza is one of the most visited archaeological sites in Mexico; an estimated 1.2 million tourists visit the ruins every year. == Name and orthography == The Maya name "Chichen Itza" means "At the mouth of the well of the Itza." This derives from ''chi, meaning "mouth" or "edge," and ''ch'en'' or ''ch'e'en'', meaning "well." ''Itzá'' is the name of an ethnic-lineage group that gained political and economic dominance of the northern peninsula. One possible translation for Itza is "enchanter (or enchantment) of the water,"〔Boot 2005, p.37.〕 from ''its'', "sorcerer," and ''ha'', "water."〔Piña Chan 1980, 1993, p.13.〕 The name is spelled ''Chichén Itzá'' in Spanish, and the accents are sometimes maintained in other languages to show that both parts of the name are stressed on their final syllable. Other references prefer the Maya orthography, ''Chichen Itza' '' (pronounced ). This form preserves the phonemic distinction between ''ch' ''and ''ch,'' since the base word ''ch'e'en'' (which, however, is not stressed in Maya) begins with a postalveolar ejective affricate consonant. The word "Itza'" has a high tone on the "a" followed by a glottal stop (indicated by the apostrophe). Evidence in the Chilam Balam books indicates another, earlier name for this city prior to the arrival of the Itza hegemony in northern Yucatán. While most sources agree the first word means seven, there is considerable debate as to the correct translation of the rest. This earlier name is difficult to define because of the absence of a single standard of orthography, but it is represented variously as ''Uuc Yabnal'' ("Seven Great House"),〔Luxton 1996, p.141.〕 ''Uuc Hab Nal'' ("Seven Bushy Places"),〔Koch 2006, p.19.〕 ''Uucyabnal'' ("Seven Great Rulers")〔 or ''Uc Abnal'' ("Seven Lines of Abnal").〔''Uuc Yabnal'' becomes ''Uc Abnal'', meaning the “Seven Abnals” or “Seven Lines of Abnal” where Abnal is a family name, according to Ralph L. Roys (Roys 1967, p.133n7).〕 This name, dating to the Late Classic Period, is recorded both in the book of Chilam Balam de Chumayel and in hieroglyphic texts in the ruins.〔Osorio León 2006, p.458.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Chichen Itza」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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