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Childlessness
Childlessness is the condition of having no children. Childlessness may have personal, social and/or political significance.
== Types ==
Types of childlessness can be classified into three broad categories. First, ''natural sterility'' randomly affects individuals. One can think of it as the minimum level of permanent childlessness that we can observe in any given society, and is of the order of 2 percent, in line with data from the Hutterites, a group established as the demographic standard in the 1950s. Second, ''social sterility'', which one can also call poverty driven childlessness, or endogenous sterility, describes the situation of poor women whose fecundity has been affected by poor living conditions. Third, women can remain childless “by choice”. Most of these women are educated and tend to postpone marriage to invest more in their career, or have a very high opportunity cost to bear and rear a child, often in terms of foregone labour income. The two first categories are often grouped under the label "involuntary childlessness". While the latter category is often called "voluntary childlessness", also described as being childfree, occurring when one decides not to reproduce.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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