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The Chimú were the residents of Chimor, with its capital at the city of Chan Chan, a large adobe city in the Moche Valley of present-day Trujillo city. The culture arose about 900 AD. The Inca ruler Tupac Inca Yupanqui led a campaign which conquered the Chimú around 1470 AD.〔Kubler, George. (1962). ''The Art and Architecture of Ancient America'', Ringwood: Penguin Books Australia Ltd., pp. 247-274〕 This was just fifty years before the arrival of the Spanish in the region. Consequently, Spanish chroniclers were able to record accounts of Chimú culture from individuals who had lived before the Inca conquest. Similarly, archaeological evidence suggest Chimor grew out of the remnants of Moche culture; early Chimú pottery had some resemblance to that of the Moche. Their ceramics are all black, and their work in precious metals is very detailed and intricate. The Chimú resided on the north coast of Peru: "It consists of a narrow strip of desert, 20 to 100 miles wide, between the Pacific and the western slopes of the Andes, crossed here and there by short rivers which start in the rainier mountains and provide a series of green and fertile oases." 〔 The valley plains are very flat and well-suited to irrigation, which is probably as old as agriculture here. Fishing was also very important and was almost considered as important as agriculture.〔 The Chimú were known to have worshipped the moon and it is believed they considered it more powerful than the Sun, worshiped by the Inca. Offerings played an important role in religious rites. A common object for offerings, as well as one used by artisans, was the shell of the ''Spondylus'' shellfish, which live only in the warm coastal waters off present-day Ecuador. It was associated with the sea, rainfall, and fertility. ''Spondylus'' shells were also highly valued and traded by the Chimú. The Chimú are best known for their distinctive monochromatic pottery and fine metal working of copper, gold, silver, bronze, and ''tumbaga'' (copper and gold). The pottery is often in the shape of a creature, or has a human figure sitting or standing on a cuboid bottle. The shiny black finish of most Chimú pottery was achieved by firing the pottery at high temperatures in a closed kiln, which prevented oxygen from reacting with the clay. ==Early Chimú (Moche Civilization)== The oldest civilization present on the north coast of Peru is Early Chimú. Early Chimú is also known as the Moche or Mochica civilization. The start of this Early Chimú time period is not known (although it was BC), but it ends around 500 A.D. It was centered in the Chicama, Moche, and Viru valleys. "Many large pyramids are attributed to the Early Chimú period." (37)〔Holstein, Otto. 1927. "Chan-chan: Capital of the great Chimu", ''Geographical Review'' 17, (1) (Jan.): 36-61.〕 These pyramids are built of adobe in rectangular shapes made from molds. "Early Chimú cemeteries are also found without pyramid associations. Burials are usually in extended positions, in prepared tombs. The rectangular, adobe-lined and covered tombs have niches in their walls in which bowls were placed." (39)〔 The Early pottery is also characterized by realistic modeling and painted scenes.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Chimú culture」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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