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Chiprovtsi〔This article uses the official Streamlined System for the Romanization of Bulgarian. In other romanization systems, the name is variously transliterated as ''Čiprovci'', ''Chiprovci'', ''Chiprovtzi'', etc.〕 ((ブルガリア語:Чипровци), pronounced (:ˈtʃiproft͡si)〔Phonetic transcription according to the rules specified in 〕) is a small town in northwestern Bulgaria, administratively part of Montana Province. It lies on the shores of the river Ogosta in the western Balkan Mountains, very close to the Bulgarian-Serbian border. A town of about 2,000 inhabitants, Chiprovtsi is the administrative centre of Chiprovtsi Municipality that also covers nine nearby villages. Chiprovtsi is thought to have been founded in the Late Middle Ages as a mining and metalsmithing centre. Attracting German ore miners who introduced Roman Catholicism to the area, the town grew in importance as a cultural, economic and religious centre of the Bulgarian Catholics and the entire Bulgarian northwest during the first few centuries of Ottoman rule. The apogee of this upsurge was the anti-Ottoman Chiprovtsi Uprising of 1688. After the suppression of the uprising, some of the town's population fled to Habsburg-ruled lands; those unable to flee were killed or enslaved by the Ottomans. Deserted for about 30 years, the town was repopulated by Eastern Orthodox Bulgarians, beginning in the 1720s. It was following this new settlement that Chiprovtsi became a major centre of the Bulgarian carpet industry. Other traditional industries have been stock breeding, agriculture and fur trade. Today, Chiprovtsi municipality experiences a declining population and above-average unemployment. However, large-scale investment in the extraction of the local fluorite deposits and the development of alternative tourism help to sustain the economy. ==Name== According to linguist Ivan Duridanov, Chiprovtsi's original name was ''Kipurovets'' (Кипуровец). The current form gradually emerged through a sound shift and a syncope. The name is of Slavic origin, but may be linked to the archaic Greek loanword ''kipos'' (κήπος, "garden"),〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=ΛΕΞΙΚΌ—LEXICON: Greek-English-Greek dictionary )〕 a word also borrowed by Serbian. Some researchers derive the toponym from the personal name ''Kipra'' or ''Kipro'', implying beauty and sprightliness. Another popular hypothesis, although rejected by Duridanov, links the name to Latin ''cuprum'' ("copper") due to the numerous copper deposits and mines in the region in Ancient Roman times.〔Чолов, "Чипровци и неговата покрайнина", ''Чипровското въстатие 1688 г.''〕 The name was first mentioned in a western source, namely a Latin document of 1565, as ''Chiprovatz''. Similar forms such as ''Chipurovatz'', ''Chiprouvatz'', ''Chiprovotzii'', ''Chiprovtzi'', ''Kiprovazo'', ''Chiprovatzium'', ''Kiprovetz'' and ''Kiprovtzi'' have been used throughout the 16th–17th centuries. The attested Serbo-Croatian pronunciation of the suffix as opposed to standard Bulgarian is explained with the influence of the so-called "Illyrian language", a Dalmatian form of Croatian language used by the Franciscan clerics in the town in the 17th century.〔 The town has been conventionally divided into several neighbourhoods (''ma(h)ali''); most are named according to the profession and social status of their residents. In 1888, D. Marinov recorded the existence of the ''Srebril'' or ''Srebarna'' ("Silversmiths'"), ''Kyurkchiyska'' ("Furriers'"), ''Pazarska'' ("Merchants'"), ''Tabashka'' ("Leatherworkers'"), ''Partsal'' and ''Trap'' neighbourhoods. The existence of a ''Saksonska'' (''Regio Saxonium'', "Saxon") neighbourhood was also attested until the 17th century. Another actively used pair of toponyms is ''Dolni kray'' ("Lower Part") and ''Gorni kray'' ("Upper Part"), referring to the town neighbourhoods closer to the river or the mountain respectively.〔Сантова, p. 11.〕 Chiprovtsi Point and Chiprovtsi Islets in Rugged Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica are named after Chiprovtsi.〔(Composite Gazetteer of Antarctica: ) Chiprovtsi Point.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Chiprovtsi」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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