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Chisca
The Chisca were a tribe of Native Americans living in eastern Tennessee and southwestern Virginia in the 16th century. They later merged with the Shawnee, and went extinct as a tribe during the 18th century.
==Known history==
They were encountered by both the Hernando de Soto Expedition in 1542 and the Captain Juan Pardo Expedition in 1568. De Soto sent out a small exploration party in the vicinity of the upper Tennessee River, who were attacked and defeated by Chisca warriors.〔Hudson, ''Knights of Spain, Warriors of the Sun'', 203〕 The experience convinced de Soto to limit explorations in Chisca territory.
Captain Pardo also sent exploration parties that fought with the Chisca (Pardo called them ''Chisca''; his chronicler called them ''Uchi''). His men destroyed their settlement at ''Maniatique'', thought to be at present-day Saltville, Virginia.〔See ( Robin Beck, "From Joara to Chiaha: Spanish Exploration of the Appalachian Summit Area, 1540–1568" ), ''Southeastern Archaeology'' 16(2) Winter 1997, for a full scholarly discussion of the location of ''Maniatique''.〕 The name ''Chisca'' seldom appeared in Spanish colonial records after the 16th century.
In 1683 the French explorer La Salle found a ''Cisca'' village between the Cumberland and Tennessee rivers (in Yuchi territory, now northern Tennessee). He persuaded them and the Shawnee north of the Cumberland to relocate to Fort St. Louis in Illinois and live under French protection. Around this time, these Cisca seem to have joined with the Shawnee under the name ''Chaskepe''. They followed the Shawnee's later migrations (1692–1754) through Virginia, Maryland, Pennsylvania and finally Ohio. La Salle reported that the Chisca had originally lived in the Appalachians east of where he found them, until their town was burnt down by colonists from Florida (he mistakenly called those people English; they were Spanish).〔Charles Augustus Hanna, 1911 ''The Wilderness Trail'', Vol II, 1911, pp. 93–95.〕 The Chisca appeared to have become extinct as a tribe by the 18th century.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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