|
The Chishtī Order ((ペルシア語:چشتی) - ''Čištī'') ((アラビア語:ششتى) - ''Shishti'') is a Sufi order within the mystic Sufi tradition of Islam. It began in Chisht, a small town near Herat, Afghanistan about 930 CE. The Chishti Order is known for its emphasis on love, tolerance, and openness.〔Ernst, Carl W. and Lawrence, Bruce B. (2002) ''Sufi Martyrs of Love: The Chishti Order in South Asia and Beyond'' Palgrave Macmillan, New Yorks 1234567 4039-6026-7〕 The Chishti Order is primarily followed in Afghanistan and South Asia. It was the first of the four main Sufi orders (Chishti, Qadiriyya, Suhrawardiyya and Naqshbandi) to be established in this region. Moinuddin Chishti introduced the Chishti Order in Lahore (Punjab) and Ajmer (Rajasthan), sometime in the middle of the 12th century CE. He was eighth in the line of succession from the founder of the Chishti Order, Abu Ishq Shami. There are now several branches of the order, which has been the most prominent South Asian Sufi brotherhood since the 12th century.〔Rozehnal, Robert. ''Islamic Sufism Unbound: Politics and Piety in Twenty-First Century Pakistan''. Palgrave MacMillan, 2007. Print.〕 In the last century, the order has spread outside Afghanistan and South Asia. Chishti teachers have established centers in the United Kingdom, the United States, Australia, Eastern and Southern Africa. ==Guiding principles== The Chishti are perhaps best known for the welcome extended to seekers who belong to other religions. Chishti shrines in South Asia are open to all faiths and attract great crowds to their festivals. The Chishti shaykhs have also stressed the importance of keeping a distance from worldly power.〔Sufi martyrs of love By Carl W. Ernst, Bruce B. Lawrence, p. 4.〕 A ruler could be a patron or a disciple, but he or she was always to be treated as just another devotee. A Chishti teacher should not attend the court or be involved in matters of state, as this will corrupt the soul with worldly matters. In his last discourse to his disciples, Khawaja Moinuddin Chishti said: Chishti believe that this insistence on otherworldliness differentiates them from Sufi orders that maintained close ties to rulers and courts, and deferred to aristocratic patrons. Chishti practice is also notable for ''sama'': evoking the divine presence Sufi's use to listening to Qawwali.〔Sufi martyrs of love By Carl W. Ernst, Bruce B. Lawrence, p. 5.〕 The Chishti, as well as some other Sufi orders, believe that Qawwali can help devotees forget self in the love of Allah. However, the order also insists that followers observe the full range of Muslim obligations; it does not dismiss them as mere legalism, as some strands of Sufism have done.〔Sufi martyrs of love By Carl W. Ernst, Bruce B. Lawrence, p. 5.〕 The Qawwali usually heard at Chisti shrines and festivals is qawwali. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Chishti Order」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|