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Chlamydiae
Chlamydiae is a bacterial phylum and class whose members are obligate intracellular pathogens. They are ovoid in shape. They have a peptidoglycan-free cell wall and are susceptible to various antimicrobial agents.
All known chlamydiae only grow by infecting eukaryotic host cells. They are as small as or smaller than many viruses. Chlamydiae replicate inside the host cells and are termed intracellular. Most intracellular chlamydiae are located in an inclusion body or vacuole. Outside of cells they survive only as an extracellular infectious form. Chlamydiae can grow only where their host cells grow. Therefore, chlamydiae cannot be propagated in bacterial culture media in the clinical laboratory. Chlamydiae are most successfully isolated while still inside their host cell.
Cavalier-Smith has postulated that the Chlamydiae fall into the clade Planctobacteria in the larger clade Gracilicutes.
== History ==
Chlamydia-like disease affecting the eyes of people was first described in ancient Chinese and Egyptian manuscripts. A modern description of chlamydia-like organisms was provided by Halberstaedrrter and von Prowazek in 1907. Chlamydial isolates cultured in the yolk sacs of embryonating eggs were obtained from a human pneumonitis outbreak in the late 1920s and early 1930s, and by the mid-20th century isolates had been obtained from dozens of vertebrate species. The term 'chlamydia' (a cloak) appeared in the literature in 1945, although other names continued to be used, including Bedsonia, Miyagawanella, ornithosis-, TRIC-, and PLT-agents.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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